Saturday, January 17, 2015

PM Narendra Modi’s Address at Economic Times Global Business Summit - 16 January 2015





http://pib.nic.in/photo//2015/Jan/l2015011661248.jpg

Key Points of PM’s address at Economic Times Global Business Summit


Economy


India is a 2 trillion dollar economy today.

Can we not dream of an India with a 20 trillion dollar economy?


You will see India as a country of opportunities, unmatched across the world. India can be a role model of growth and cohesiveness for the rest of the world.

The government must nurture an eco-system where the economy is primed for growth; and growth promotes all-round development. Where development is employment-generating ; and employment is enabled by skills. Where skills are synced with production; and production is benchmarked to quality. Where quality meets global standards; and meeting global standards drives prosperity. Most importantly, this prosperity is for the welfare of all. That is my concept of economic good governance and all round development.

Development


Development has to result in jobs. What we need is not just more production, but mass production and production by masses.

Development seems to have become the agenda only of government. It is seen as a scheme. That should not be the case. Development should be everyone's agenda. It should be a people's movement.

Economic development cannot take a nation forward on its own. We need a society and economy which complement each other. We need to take care of the poor, deprived and left behind sections of society.

The ultimate objective of subsidies should be to empower the poor, to break the cycle of poverty, and become foot-soldiers in our war on poverty.

We need to cut subsidy leakages, not subsidies themselves.

Governance


सरकारी तंत्र की दो समस्याएं हैं - वे जटिल भी हैं और शिथिल भी; Government systems suffer from two weaknesses. They are complex. And they are slow. We need to change this. Our systems need to be made sharp, effective, fast and flexible. This requires simplification of processes and having trust in citizens. This needs a Policy Driven State.

What is Maximum Governance, Minimum Government? It means government has no business to be in business.

First, we need to focus government on the things that are required of the State. Second, we need to achieve competence in government so that the State delivers on the things it sets out to do.

Reforms


Reforms are not an end in itself. Reforms must have a concrete objective.

Small acts can drive reforms. What appears minor can actually be vital and fundamental. Generating 20,000 MW of power attracts a lot of attention. That is important. At the same time, 20,000 MW of power can be saved through a people’s movement for energy efficiency. The second is more difficult but is as important as the first. Small indeed, is beautiful.

A major institutional reform is the move away from merely planning, to transforming India. The setting up of NITI Aayog, is a step in this direction.

Laws are the DNA of government. They must evolve with time.

Finance


We are committed to achieving the fiscal deficit target announced in the budget.

We are today a nearly 100% banked country.

Financial unity - bringing everyone into the financial system - is one cause which both capitalists and socialists agree on. What, my friends, can be a bigger reform?

The consensus we arrived with States for amending the Constitution to implement GST is a major breakthrough. This alone has the potential to make India competitive and attractive for investment.

Today, India’s cooking gas subsidy is the world’s largest Cash Transfer Programme.

I recently assured Public Sector Banks they will have total autonomy in taking business decisions.

Sectoral


The mantra of independence was Satyagraha. And the warriors were Satyagrahis. The mantra of New Age India must be Swachhagrah. And the warriors will be Swachhagrahis.

People must understand the Clean Ganga program, as an economic activity also. The Gangetic plains account for 40% of our population. They have over one hundred towns, and thousands of villages.

I intend to launch a massive National Program for PDS Computerisation.

Railway stations can become growth points for the nearby villages.

We will link farmers to global markets. We will give the world the Taste of India.

*******

http://pib.nic.in/newsite/pmreleases.aspx?mincode=3

Release ID :114729

Full Speech - YouTube Video
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DD News upload
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zGI9QLuPDI

Full Speech in a E-Book Format
http://etspeech.narendramodi.in/

Friday, January 16, 2015

Venture Capital Fund for Scheduled Castes



Venture Capital Fund for Scheduled Castes is being set up by IFCI under SEBI Venture Capital Funds Rules. Government of India contributes initially Rs. 200 crore to the fund. Additional subscriptions will be made in future budgets.

To promote entrepreneurship among Scheduled Castes in India

Risk Capital up to Rs. 15 Crores through:

(a) Equity  &  (b) Equity linked debt instruments.
It is a Government of Initiative

Investment Manager

IFCI Venture Capital Funds Limited

Email: funds@ifciventure.com

http://www.ifciventure.com/Venture%20Capital%20Fund%20For%20Scheduled%20Castes

The Fund was inaugurated on 16 January 2015




Source: http://pib.nic.in/photo//2015/Jan/l2015011661208.jpg

The Minister of State for Social Justice & Empowerment, Shri Vijay Sampla addressing at the launch of the Venture Capital Fund for Scheduled Castes, in New Delhi on January 16, 2015. The Union Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment, Shri Thaawar Chand Gehlot, the Minister of State for Social Justice & Empowerment, Shri Krishan Pal and the Secretary, Social Justice & Empowerment, Shri Sudhir Bhargava are also seen.



Terms for Providing Equity Finance + Project Finance


1. Purpose of the Scheme ; To provide concessional finance to SC Entrepreneurs.
2. Investment focus Investments in projects / units being set up in manufacturing and
services sector ensuring asset creation out of the funds deployed.
3. Nature of Financial Assistance
1. Equity/ Optionally/ Compulsorily convertible preference shares
(maximum up to 25% of the corpus);
2. Equity linked debt instruments such as:
 Compulsorily convertible debentures;
 Optionally convertible debentures;
 Non-Convertible debentures, etc;
3. Debt / Subordinate Loans;
4. Tenure of Financial Assistance: Up to 6 years in a company.

5. Moratorium on Principal
On case to case basis but not more than 36 months from the date of investment. Interest payment shall commence from date of investment in the company at a regular interval determined by the
Investment Committee (defined at Sr. No. 13).
6. Investment Size:  Rs. 0.50 Crore to Rs. 15 Crore. Aggregate assistance not more than
two times the current net worth of the company
7. Expected Returns through Investment
- Equity instruments may yield returns at 15% p.a.
- Debt/Convertible Instruments may carry returns at 10% p.a.
8. Funding Pattern Investment under the fund will be categorised as follows:
1. Financial assistance upto Rs 5 Crore - Investment under this category shall be funded maximum upto 75% of the project cost and the balance 25% of the project cost will be funded by the
promoters;
2. Financial assistance above Rs. 5 Crore –
a. Investment under this category shall be funded maximum upto 50% of the project cost. At least 25% of the project cost has to be financed by bank/other institutions. Balance 25% of the project cost will be funded by the promoters.
b. The proposals forwarded by Banks or other financial institutions with sanction of 25% of the total project shall be considered. In this case, the projects shall have to be compulsorily appraised by the Banks or other financial institutions.
9. Exit Mechanism - Exit through payments out of operations, buyback/ redemptions by
promoters / companies, strategic investments, listing at Stock Exchanges or any other exit process.
10. Security The following securities may be envisaged during the investment:
 The assets of the project being funded/ assisted under the
scheme shall be charged for security. The project assets will
include land, building, plant & machinery and rights on licenses/
patents.
 Pari-pasu charge on assets with the Banks/FIs in case of the
companies applying for assistance of more than Rs. 5 Crore.
 2nd charge of the assets created out of the investment where the
1st charge in held by the Bank/FIs.
 In addition to the charge on assets, post-dated cheques and promissory notes shall be taken.
 Personal guarantees of the promoters along with buyback agreement shall be entered.
 Pledge of Shares held by promoters and forming atleast 26% stake and upto 51% of the Issued and Paid up capital shall be taken. However, the percentage of pledged shares would be decided on case to case basis.
 In case no mortgage is available, the borrower may arrange collateral and corporate guarantees from family / friends / associates / group companies.
11. Time limit for completion of the project
a. The time for completion of the project would be as envisaged at the sanction stage, subject to maximum of 24 months period from the date of disbursement of the first instalment of
assistance under the scheme which may be extended by a further period of 3 months, if reasons for delay are considered justified by the AMC.
b. In case of non-compliance to the implementation schedule, the further balance disbursements of sanctioned amount would be subject to approval by Investment Committee.
12. Selection process  Any Proposal under the Scheme shall pass through two Committees and four stages:
a. Screening Committee (Preliminary Stage): The proposals shall be put up before the screening committee for initial analysis to see whether the proposals are meeting the Eligibility Criteria & Preliminary Appraisal Parameters as mentioned in SCHEDULE I. After the clearance by the
screening committee, the proposal shall be taken up for detailed appraisal, negotiations and structuring.
b. Investment Committee (Final Stage):
 The detailed proposal as mentioned in SCHEDULE II
prepared by the AMC shall be considered by the
Investment Committee for sanction in case of eligible
proposals.
 The proposals appraised by the financing Bankers/FIs
may also submit their appraised proposal for references
to AMC.
 The quantum of assistance shall be decided by this
committee.
c. Legal Documentation Stage: After the sanction by the
Investment Committee, Letter of Intent along with the terms
and conditions of sanction shall be issued to the investee
company. The necessary legal documentations shall be
prepared and executed by the AMC.
d. Disbursement Stage: After the completion of above
process the disbursement shall be made as per the terms and
conditions of the sanction. The disbursement to the investee
companies would be in tranches. For Companies with
sanctioned assistance of above Rs. 5 Crore, the money
released by the fund would be in proportion to the loan
tranche released by the Bank.
 The Screening Committee shall meet on monthly/regular basis to analyse the proposals received.
13. Screening
Committee /
Investment
Committee
 Investment Committee / Screening Committee shall consist of representatives nominated by NSFDC, IFCI/IFCI Venture and one expert from outside having sufficient experience.
 None of the representative nominated in the screening committee shall be the representative at Investment Committee.
14. Monitoring Periodic visits, inspection shall be carried out by the official of the AMC. The officials of AMC shall also be Nominee Directors on the board of these companies.
15. Alterations On case to case basis, the above conditions terms/structure may vary, may get modified /amended from time to time.
The scheme is catering to various territories, the scheme can be modified, reviewed after 6 months to 1 year.



IFCI Venture Capital Funds Ltd- Documents to be Submitted by the Venture for Due Diligence 


I. Statutory documents of company
a) Organization chart
b) Company contracts
(ownership/rental/debt/consultancy/warranty/supplier/client/representation)
c) Shareholding pattern
d) Information on subsidiaries/branch offices
e) JVs, collaborations, tie-ups
f) MOA, AOA
g) Certificate of registration
h) certificate of commencement of business
i) latest telephone bill of company
II. Market & Competition
a) Product description
b) Technology
c) Market/Industry analysis
d) Competition analysis
e) Clients
f) Marketing strategy, distribution network, organization of sales efforts, sales statistics
III. Business model & Strategy
a) Target-performance comparison & evaluation
b) Company profile/ history/ business model & business divisions
c) Sourcing/ purchasing (raw material) , supplier information
d) Product process, R&D activities, subcontractors
e) Export rate, quoted currency, currency risk
IV. Management & Organization
a) Management /board profile & remuneration/ contracts
b) Directors board profile/ Promoters’ Background & Remuneration/ Dependencies/
contracts, PAN No. of promoters, identification proof, IT returns of promoters for
past 3 years.
c) Mindset/ team dynamics
d) Corporate governance, MIS
e) Controlling, internal reporting
f) Project Management, Product management, employee Involvement
(TQM/TPM/CIP)
g) Risk management & Mitigation plans/ Quality Standards


h) Equity, corporate actions, dormant partners
V. Annual reports & Financial Data
a) Accounting software, flowcharts, processes for liquidity planning, depreciation
method & process tools
b) Annual Reports of last 3 yrs including group companies
c) Assets schedule, depreciation intangible assets
d) IP rights, licenses, NDA, disputes
e) Property rights, major assets
f) List of debtors, volume of debt, credit ratings
g) Cash pooling agreements
h) List of accruals, pension liabilities
i) P&L- statement (re-products, clients, business units, regions)
j) Activity Based Costing/ Management (ABC/M)
k) Contingent Liabilities
l) Revaluation of Land, If any
m) Dividends paid
n) Basis of valuation
o) Internal audit reports
VI. Business Plan review
a) Projected Financial plan (P&L, balance sheet, cash flow)
b) Sales plan (products, markets)
c) Product plan
d) HR plan
e) Investment plan
f) Liquidity plan
g) Other, underlying assumptions
h) Time frame for funds mobilization and utilization.
VII. Workforce & Employee Benefits
a) List of employees & remuneration
b) Detailed list of employees with highest level of earnings
c) List of employees with access to company accounts
d) HR contracts
e) Employee benefits programs & costs
f) Downsizing measures of previous yrs
VIII. Others
a) Suppliers, Partners, MOU if any, exclusive rights etc.
b) Insurances
c) Product liability
d) Environment issues/ Pollution level
e) Communication with authorities
f) Important Business Developments
g) Legal disputes/ Allegation/ Charges against company/promoters if any
h) Land lease papers
i) Undertakings on the ongoing legal suits , if any or not
j) Contact references of two people/clients using same technology
k) Any other information, if any
IX. Accounts Inspection
1. System of Accounting (Manually, Tally, SAP etc.).
2. CA Certificate for sources and utilization of funds.
3. Check source/ receipt of funds with bank statement and books of accounts.
4. Receipt of Share application money with bank statement and ledger/ CA
certificate.
5. Share capital accounts (Ledger) to check with Minute book/ROC return and
check share register.
6. Sanction and disbursement of loan: from letter of intent of institution/bank and
disbursement with bank statement/CA certificate.
7. Bank Reconciliation statement.
8. Check cash payment systems.
9. Loan from promoters: secured or not secured.
10. Any other major receipt in the books of accounts.

11. Expenses on land: source, if paid in cash or in lieu of share capital, if share
capital whether share allotted or otherwise.
12. Expenses on land development, expenses on building, boundary wall, road, etc.
13. Paid in advance or in full for purchase of plant & Machinery.
14. Expenses from 9 to 11 to verify from bills/invoices/purchase orders and
payment to verify from books of accounts/bank statement including for
purchases of fixed/moveable assets.
15. Fixed assets Register to verify/check entries for fixed assets.
16. Check preoperative expenses from ledgers, bank statements, vouchers,
supports,
17. Insurance cover for all fixed/moveable assets.
18. Check deduction and payment of all statutory dues, Returns (Income Tax for 3
years, PF, ROC, VAT, Service Tax etc.) (Take a certificate from Company).
19. Internal audit report if available.
20. Balance Sheets of 2/3 previous years, if available.
21. Appointments of Board of Director (for payment of salary/perks to MD, Whole
time Directors).
22. Contingent liabilities, Guarantee given by the company.
23. Suits filed by the company and against the company and Director.

http://www.ifciventure.com/pages/by4hm8ur/90/Download%20Boucher%20of%20VENTURE%20CAPITAL%20FUND%20FOR%20SCHEDULED%20CASTES.pdf








Thursday, January 15, 2015

BSP Leader Mayawati in Hindi - मायावती


कुमारी मायावती
जीवन परिचय

जन्म तिथि व स्थान
१५ जनवरी, १९५६ नई दिल्ली
पिता का नाम
श्री प्रभुदास
माता का नाम
श्रीमती रामरती
शिक्षा

बी०ए०, बी०एड०, एलएल०बी०, कालिन्दी कालेज, दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय (दिल्ली) और मेरठ विश्वविद्यालय ( उत्तर प्रदेश) से शिक्षा ग्रहण की ।

व्यवसाय
राजनीति और सामाजिक कार्यकर्त्ता तथा अधिवक्ता ।

जिन पदों पर कार्य किया

·              लोक सभा के लिए पहली बार १९८९ में निर्वाचित ।
·              लोक सभा के लिए दूसरी बार १९९८ में निर्वाचित ।
·              लोक सभा के लिए तीसरी बार १९९९ में निर्वाचित तथा नेता, बहुजन समाज पार्टी संसदीय दल भी बनीं ।
·              लोकसभा के लिए चौथी बार मई, २००४ में निर्वाचित (इस्तीफा-२६ जून २००४) ।
·              राज्यसभा के लिए पहली बार अप्रैल १९९४ (इस्तीफा- 25 अक्टूबर, 1996)।
·              राज्यसभा के लिए दूसरी बार जुलाई २००४ में निर्वाचित तथा नेता, बहुजन समाज पार्टी संसदीय दल,  राज्य सभा भी बनीं (इस्तीफा- 5 जुलाई, 2007) ।
·              सदस्य, निर्वाचित, उत्तर प्रदेश विधान सभा प्रथम बार १९९६ ।
·              सदस्य, निर्वाचित, उत्तर प्रदेश विधान सभा दूसरी बार २००२ (इस्तीफा-२8 अगस्त, २००3)  ।
·              मुख्यमंत्री, उत्तर प्रदेश प्रथम बार ३ जून, १९९५ से १८ अक्टूबर, १९९५ ।
·              मुख्यमंत्री, उत्तर प्रदेश दूसरी बार २१ मार्च, १९९७ से २० सितम्बर, १९९७ ।
·              मुख्यमंत्री, उत्तर प्रदेश तीसरी बार ३ मई, २००२ से २९ अगस्त, २००३ ।
·              मुख्यमंत्री, उत्तर प्रदेश चौथी बार १३ मई, २००७ से १५ मार्च, २०१२
·              सदस्य निर्वाचित, उत्तर प्रदेश विधान परिषद् प्रथम बार, २९ जून, २००७ तथा दूसरी बार ७ जुलाई २०१० ।
·              बहुजन समाज पार्टी की उपाध्यक्ष रहीं और अब अध्यक्ष हैं ।
सामाजिक और सांस्कृतिक कार्य कलाप
दलितों, अनुसूचित जातियों और अनुसूचित जनजातियों के लिए समाज सेवा।
विशेष अभिरूचि
समाज के कमजोर वर्गों को संगठित करना।

विदेश यात्राएं

कनाडा (टोरण्टो), डेनमार्क, फ्रांस, जापान, दक्षिण कोरिया,  स्विटजरलैण्ड (ज्यूरिच), ताइवान, यू०के० (लंदन और वाँल्वर हैम्पटन), यू0एस0ए0 (आरलैण्डो, वाशिंगटन और न्यूयार्क) ।
प्रकाशित पुस्तक
"बहुजन समाज और उसकी राजनीति"  नामक पुस्तक अक्टूबर २००० में (हिन्दी में) तथा इसका अंग्रेजी संस्करण अक्टूबर २००1 में प्रकाशित।
"मेरा संघर्षमय जीवन एवं बहुजन मूवमेंट का सफरनामा"  भाग-1 व भाग-2 जनवरी, २००6 में प्रकाशित (अब तक 4 खण्ड प्रकाशित)।
“A Travelogue of My Struggle-Ridden Life And BSP Movement, English, (अब तक 4 खण्ड प्रकाशित)।
अन्य जानकारी
अध्यापक, दिल्ली प्रशासन, १९७७-८४
स्थायी पता
सी-57, इन्द्रपुरी, नई दिल्ली- 110012
 http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/mayawatibiodatahindi.htm



मायावती का जन्म १५ जनवरी १९५६ को नयी दिल्ली में एक सरकारी कर्मचारी प्रभु दयाल की पत्नी रामरती की कोख से हुआ। बाद में उनके पिता प्रभु दयाल जी भारतीय डाक-तार विभाग के वरिष्ठ लिपिक के पद से सेवा निवृत्त हुए।  इनका पैतृक गाँव बादलपुर है जो उत्तर प्रदेश के गौतमबुद्ध नगर जिले में स्थित है। बी०ए० करने के बाद उन्होंने दिल्ली के कालिन्दी कॉलेज से एल०एल०बी० की उपाधि प्राप्त की है। इसके अतिरिक्त उन्होंने बी०एड० भी किया हुआ है। राजनीति में आने से पूर्व वे दिल्ली के एक स्कूल में एक शिक्षिका के रूप में कार्य करती थीं। सन् १९७७ में कांशीराम के सम्पर्क में आने के बाद उन्होंने  कांशीराम के संरक्षण के अन्तर्गत  उनकी कोर टीम का हिस्सा रहीं, जब सन् १९८४ में बसपा की स्थापना हुई थी।

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ABP News

Ek Bura Admi - A Film based on the Story of Mayawati

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Rajshri


Ek Bura Aadmi Trailer
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2015

लोकसभा चुनाव में एक भी सीट न जीतने वाली बीएसपी इसके बाद हुए महाराष्ट्र, हरियाणा, झारखंड और जम्मू-कश्मीर के विधानसभा चुनावों में भी हाथी नहीं दौड़ा सकी.
इससे निबटने के लिए मायावती ने एक बार फिर पार्टी की मरम्मत का रास्ता अख्तियार किया
3 जनवरी को मायावती ने अपने बागी सांसद शुमार जुगल किशोर से सभी संगठनात्मक दायित्व वापस ले लिए.  इसी क्रम में 2  जनवरी को कानपुर में बीएसपी की मंडलीय बैठक में प्रभावशाली जोनल कोऑर्डिनेटर रहे आसकरन शंखवार को पार्टी निर्देशों का पालन न करने के आरोप में बाहर कर दिया गया. इतना ही नहीं, जोनल कोऑर्डिनेटर पी.सी.गौतम, कानपुर के जिलाध्यक्ष जयनारायण कुरील, पूर्व एमएलसी श्रीनाथ एडवोकेट जैसे प्रभावशाली दलित नेताओं से भी मायावती किनारा कर चुकी हैं.

http://aajtak.intoday.in/story/mayawati-is-trying-to-make-big-changes-in-bsp-1-795139.html


http://www.dalitmat.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1202:dalit-face-to-bahen-ji&catid=167:shakhsiyat&Itemid=630

Articles on Management Knowledge

http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2015/01/mba-core-management-knowledge-one-year.html

http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2015/01/zuckerberg-narayana-rao-reading.html

Monday, January 12, 2015

Padma Bhushan Dr. B.N. Goswamy - Art Historian



Authored a Book published by Penguin - The Spirit of Indian Painting: Close Encounters with 101 Great Works, 1100 - 1900.


http://www.penguinbooksindia.com/en/content/b-n-goswamy

http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/prime-minister-released-book-on-indian-painting-by-prof-bn-goswami-1382097910-1

About Taj Mahal in Hindi - ताजमहल




आगरा  नगर में यमुना नदी के किनारे पर स्थित ताजमहल एक विश्व प्रसिद्ध  इमारत है। यह विश्व के सात आश्चार्यों में  है। इसे मुग़ल बादशाह शाहजहाँ ने अपनी पत्नी बेगम मुमताज़ महल की स्मृति में बनवाया था। 

लाल पत्थरों  ऊँचे  यह   भवन  बना हुआ है।


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Anuj Kumar Rawla

Monday, January 5, 2015

Shah Jahan - Biography

Shahabuddin Muhammad Shah Jahan, Shah Jahan was born on 5 January 1594. He died on  22 January 1666. He was the fifth Mughal Emperor of India. His name as a prince was Khurram and  he was the son of Emperor Jahangir and his Hindu Rajput wife, Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani.


He was chosen as successor to the throne after the death of his father in 1627. He ruled from 1628 until 1658.  His rule was one of the most prosperous ages of Mughal empire.  In 1658, he fell ill and was confined by his son and successor Aurangzeb in Agra Fort until his death in 1666.

Shah Jahan, even though born to a Hindu mother,  was a more orthodox Muslim than his father and grandfather. His policies towards non-Muslims were less liberal than Jahangir and Akbar.
Shah Jahan erected many monuments, the most famous of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, built in 1632–1654 as a tomb for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.

Sunday, January 4, 2015

A Protest A Day in Every Village of India - A Sign of Vibrant Democracy



What is protest in a democracy?

Communicating opinion is a basic step in democracy or any other political system. Political systems have to represent public opinion. Democracy gives primacy to this idea in a constitutional manner. But even monarchies and martial law regimes have to function under this idea only. Whenever the rulers are against majority opinion, revolutions will follow and history provides enough evidences to this fact. No doubt, dictators and monarchs could rules for number of years. But still the revolutions did occur because the majority opinion was in favour of the revolution.

Protest is a second stage communication. Protest comes into picture when communication has no effect on the decision makers and the communicator becomes an aggrieved party. Protest can be done by one individual. For example, if one takes a loud speaker and goes around a street shouting slogans, we say he is protesting. He is not simply giving his opinion. He is trying to catch the attention of many to his issue. Protest can be by small group of people. Protest can be by a large group of people. Many protests are started by small number of people initially but some of them pick up numbers in the course of time. Protests do have the potential to turn a minority into majority and that is the aim of the protests in general. But protests can be for martyrdom. The people who are protesting know that they have to suffer a disadvantage but still protest hoping that at some point in time majority recognizes the injustice and take action to prevent it in the future.

Large scale protest that disrupts the routine activities of significant number of people is a third stage communication

Far from destabilising democracy, protest has been instrumental in forcing the introduction of most of the freedoms that now exist in liberal democracies. Direct action, mostly nonviolent, played a major role in the ending of slavery, extension of the franchise, curtailing ruthless aspects of the exploitation of labour and extending rights to women and minorities. Many of the so-called normal channels for working through the system, which are often recommended as prior to or preferable to direct action, have themselves been established through direct action.  (Carter, 1973) .

Carter, April. 1973. Direct Action and Liberal Democracy. London: Routledge and Kegal Paul.
As quoted in https://www.uow.edu.au/~bmartin/pubs/94psa.html


Protests are signs of vibrant democracy. At village panchayat member level, at municipal ward level, and at higher levels protests have to take place to place a point of view more strongly before the concerned political representative, political executive, government executive, judicial authority, media, political party representatives, independent politicians, and general public.

Why I am writing this today. This post is in response to a feature by Suhel Seth in  Sunday Mumbai Mirror of 4 January 2015. He equated protesters to idiots. The title given was "The cultural debate and the idiots that abound."  It is totally uncalled for. In a living democracy you have encourage people to give their opinion more freely. To protest when they feel the issue is important.

It does not mean that democratic institutions have to come to a halt. But legislative work should not be taken up unless there is required quorum. The political executive should work under the existing laws and not clamour for new legislation when it lacks majority in the legislature. Also, the legislature must have time every day when it is in session when it can go without the presence of protesting legislators subject quorum.

(The article will be developed further in due course to time with collection of more article on the topic role of  protest in democratic systems)


http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/tony-benn-protest-is-vital-to-a-thriving-democracy-2188788.html