Wednesday, July 29, 2026

Advaita Vedanta - Prasthana Trayam - Brahma Vidya - 10 Principal Upanishads - Brahma Sutra - Bhagvad Gita

Three sources of  axioms with  epistemic authority, for the Vedanta schools. 


They are: 


The Upanishads, known as Upadeśa Prasthāna (injunctive texts), and the Śruti Prasthāna (the starting point for axioms of revelation), especially the Principal Upanishads.

The Bhagavad Gita, known as Sādhana Prasthāna (practical text), and the Smṛti Prasthāna (the starting point for axioms of remembered tradition)

The Brahma Sutras, known as Sūtra Prasthāna (formulative texts) or Nyāya Prasthāna or Yukti Prasthāna (logical text for axioms of logic)



The ten Upanishads are 

Aitareya, 

Bṛhadāraṇyaka.

Chāndogya 

Īśā, 

Kaṭha,


Kena, 

Māṇḍūkya, 

Muṇḍaka, 

Praṣna, 

Taittirīya, 







Aitareya, 

https://www.sivanandaonline.org/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=587&parent=577&format=html

5. In the beginning, all this was, verily, the Atman alone. There was nothing else living. Nothing else, whatsoever, living, existed. There was no other thing that winked at all.


26. Then he tried to catch it (food) by Apana, and he caught it. It is this Apana which catches food. This Apana is the giver of life, by food.

The Story of Birth

32. First indeed is the germ in man. That which is the semen is the essence of strength or vigour, drawn from all his limbs. He bears himself within his self alone. When he deposits it in the woman, he causes it to be born. This is its first birth.

The universe has Consciousness for its guide. Consciousness is the basis or stay of all. Verily, consciousness (Prajnanam) is Brahman.

42. Prajnanam Brahma: Pure Consciousness is Brahman. This is one of the Maha-Vakyas or great sentences of the Upanishads.

43. This is called the Lakshana-Vakya, because it gives a description of the nature of Brahman.

45. A liberated sage does not move to any world. He gets absorbed in the all-pervading Brahman. He realises that the individual soul is identical with Para Brahman.



Bṛhadāraṇyaka.

https://www.sivanandaonline.org/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=589&parent=577&format=html


Yajnavalkya-Maitreyi Samvada


The Inner Ruler


19. Gautama asked: O Yajnavalkya, tell me who is the Inner Ruler?


22. He who dwells in all beings and within all beings, whom all beings do not know, whose body are all beings, and who from within rules all beings, is thy Self, the Inner Ruler, Immortal.


The Indestructible Being


28. Gargi said: O Yajnavalkya, that of which they say it is above the heavens, beneath the earth, embracing heaven and earth, past, present and future, tell me in what is it woven like warp and woof?


29. Yajnavalkya replied: In ether (Akasa).



40. But he who departs from this world, knowing this Indestructible Being, is a true Brahmana.


The Guiding Light


41. Janaka said: Yajnavalkya, what is the light of this Purusha?


42. Yajnavalkya replied: The sun, O king; for by the light of the sun man sits down, moves about and does his work and returns home.


49. When the sun has set and the moon has set, and the fire has gone out and sound is hushed, what is then the light of man?


50. The Self indeed is his light; for by the light of the Self he sits down, walks about, does his work and returns home.


51. What is that Self?


52. He who is within the heart, surrounded by the Pranas, the Purusha who is light, who is of the nature of Knowledge.


Waking and Dreaming

Deep Sleep

The phenomenon of Death

Da, Da, Da


Deep Sleep


101. Therefore, let one learn the triad of restraint, liberality and mercy (da, da, da).

Lectures 4 

https://srisaradadevi.com/wiki/Category:Taittiriya_Upanishad

Brahadaranyaka Upanishad - Shankara Bhashya - English - Swami Madhavaananda : The Free Indological Collection : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

Yajnavalkya-Maitreyi Samvada (starts in 2-4-1)

Taittariya Brihadaranyaka Upanishad Sanskrit Text Telugu Script Bhashya ( Shankara Ranga Ramanuja) Anandagiri Tika Madras 1869 Vedanta Vidya Vilasa : Vedanta Vidya Vilasa : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive


Chāndogya 

https://www.sivanandaonline.org/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=588&parent=577&format=html

 It is presented in the form of an instruction by Uddālaka Āruni Gautama  to his son Śvetaketu,


6. In the beginning, all this was Pure Being, One without a second.


7. It thought: 'May I be many, may I grow forth.' It created fire.


8. The fire thought: 'May I be many, may I grow forth.' It created water. Therefore, whenever anybody is hot, he perspires and water is produced on him from fire alone.


The Tri-Colour Analysis


11. The red colour of the sun is the colour of fire. The white colour of water. The black of the earth. Thus vanishes what we call the sun, being only a modification which is a mere name based upon words, the only truth being that there are three elements. So are moon, lightning, fire, etc., mere combinations of these elements.


78. Hope is greater than memory. Fried by hope does memory read the Mantras, perform sacrifices, desires sons and cattle, desire this world and the next.


79. Meditate on hope. He who meditates on hope as Brahman, all his desires are fulfilled by Hope. His prayers are never vain. He becomes independent so far as hope reaches.


104. Indra, chief of Devas, and Virochana, chief among Asuras, went to Prajapatji, with fuel (samidhas) in hands, as was the custom for pupils approaching their Guru.


105. They dwelt there as religious students observing the vow of celibacy for a period of thirty-two years.


106. When questioned by Prajapati, they said: It is with the purpose of knowing the Self that we have dwelt here.


107. Prajapati said: The person that is seen in the eye, that is the Self. This is the Immortal, the Fearless. This is Brahman.


108. They asked: Sir, He that is perceived in the water, and He that is seen in the mirror which of these is That?


109. He said: He himself indeed is seen in all these.


110. They went away satisfied. Virochana with a satisfied heart went to the Asura and preached this doctrine to them. The body alone is to be worshipped (as the Self).


111. Therefore, they call even now a man who does not give alms here, who has no faith, and offers no sacrifices, an Asura, for this is the doctrine of the Asura.



119. At Prajapati's command, Indra remained with him for a further period of five years.


120. Then Prajapati said to Indra: Indra! This body is mortal. It is subject to death. It is the abode of that Self which is Immortal and bodyless.


121. The embodied self is subject to pleasure and pain. But Self without the body is not troubled by pleasure and pain.


122. The wind is without body; the cloud, lightning and thunder are without body. Now, as these, rising above, appear in their own form, as soon as they have approached the highest light.


123. Thus does this Being, rising above this body, and having reached the Highest Light, appear in Its own form.


124. This is the Uttama-Purusha, the Supreme Person.


125. He moves about there laughing, playing and rejoicing, never minding that body in which he was born.


126. Just as a horse is attached to the cart, so also the Prana is attached to this body.


127. Now where the eye has entered into Akasa, (in the act of seeing), that is the person in the eye, the eye itself is the instrument of seeing.


128. He who knows: May I smell this, he is the Self, the nose is the instrument of smelling.


129. He who knows: May I think, he is the Self, the mind is his divine eye. And it is by means of his divine eye of the mind that he sees desires and rejoices.


130. The Devas who are in the world of Brahman meditate upon this Self (as taught by Prajapati to Indra, and by Indra to the Devas).


Lectures 200

https://srisaradadevi.com/wiki/Category:Chandogya_Upanishad




Īśā, 

https://www.sivanandaonline.org/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=580&parent=577&format=html


The whole is all That. The whole is all this. The whole was born of the whole. Taking the whole from the whole, what remains is the whole.


4. The Upanishads teach the philosophy of absolute unity.


7. This world is indwelt by Para-Brahman or the Absolute.


8. Renounce all desires. Renounce egoism, selfishness and identification of self with the body (Deha-Adhyasa). Then alone will you attain Moksha or release.


9. Desire for liberation will destroy all earthly desires.


Nature of The Atman


17. The Atman is very subtle. It is Antaratma, the inner self of all beings. It fills and covers everything. It is all-full. Hence it is within and without.


18. The Atman is the substratum or support (Adhishthana) of all beings.


19. The sage sees all beings in the Atman and the Atman in all beings.


46. Brahman, the only real entity, cannot be attained by any other means than the removal of ignorance through knowledge of the Self.


47. When one attains the supreme Brahman which is unborn, unchangeable, birthless, undecaying, immortal, fearless, eternal, self-luminous, all-blissful, and all-pervading, one is freed from births and deaths.


50. Having abandoned the sense of I-ness in these, and rising above sense-life, the wise becomes immortal.


Kaṭha,

https://www.sivanandaonline.org/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=582&parent=577&format=html


The Pleasant vs. The Good


4. One is good while another is pleasant. Blessed is he who, between them, chooses the good alone (Sreyas); but who chooses what is pleasant (Preyas) loses the true end.


32. Brahma-Vidya is the most wonderful science. This is the science of sciences.


46. Brahma-Jnana or knowledge of the Self cannot be obtained by mere reasoning or argument. One has to feel and realise the Brahmic consciousness through spiritual experience or direct intuitive perception.



Who Gets Atma-Jnana


104. This Atman cannot be attained by studies of the Vedas, nor by intelligence, nor by much hearing. He whom the Self chooses, by him the Self can be attained. To him this Atman reveals its true nature


The Inner Order of Priority


132. Here is given the ascending degree of the subtlety of things. Beyond the senses are the rudiments of objects, beyond rudiments is the mind, beyond the mind is the intellect; beyond the intellect is the Cosmic intellect.


133. Beyond the cosmic intellect is the unmanifested (Avyaktam). Beyond the unmanifested is the Purusha; beyond the Purusha there is nothing; that is the end; that is the highest goal.


153. The Purusha is the cause of all causes. He fills all. Hence he is called Purusha.


Unity of Brahman, Man and World


231. Brahman appears as the Jiva through Upadhi or a limiting adjunct, viz., Avidya.


232. Brahman appears as Hiranyagarbha through the Upadhi or limiting adjunct of Maya.


233. The sum total or aggregate of Jivas (Samashti) is Hiranyagarbha.


234. The Jiva is a microcosmic aspect of Brahman.


235. When the limiting adjunct drops, Hiranyagarbha and Jiva become identical with the transcendent Brahman.

242. He who thinks: I am different from Brahman, is again born and dies; but he who feels; I am verily the all-pervading immortal Satchidananda Brahman, attains immortality.



281. The real source of life is the Atman. The Prana, Apana, etc. cannot be the source of life. Their work conjointly for the benefit of the Atman only, which is distinct from them.


419. Nachiketas, having acquired this knowledge imparted by Yama, and also the whole teaching about Yoga, attained Brahman, having become free from all impurities and from death. Thus it will be with others also who thus know the nature of Brahman.



Kena, 

https://www.sivanandaonline.org/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=581&parent=577&format=html



10. You will become immortal while living in this body, if you attain knowledge of Brahman. You need not wait till you leave this body.


11. Just as the water in a cup borrows its heat from the sun or the fire, so also the mind. Prana and senses borrow their light and power from the Atman.


12. The ear hears through the light of the Atman, the tongue speaks through the power of the Atman, the mind thinks through the power of the Atman, and the Prana performs its functions through the power of the Atman only.


13. The mind and the organs are inert and non-intelligent. They appear to be intelligent through the light and power of the Atman.


29. Brahman is the only Reality. It is the basis and source for everything.


30. Brahman is not an object. It is all-pervading, mysterious, incomprehensible, Chaitanya or pure consciousness.


31. Brahman must be known through intuition.


39. The soul of man is the Atman. The soul of the universe is Brahman. The Atman is identical with Brahman.


48. Vedanta is not hostile to devotion. It only deprecates worship with selfish interest.


49. A Vedantin or a Sage is a perfect devotee.


50. Para-Bhakti or supreme devotion and Jnana or wisdom are one.


51. Vedanta says that Isvara whom people worship is one's own Self. It teaches an expanded form of Bhakti, the highest form of devotion.


64. Brahman is the Lord or the Proprietor of this mind-factory. The eyes, ears, etc. are ordinary clerks. The mind is the head-clerk. The intellect is the managing director.


65. What cannot be heard by the ears, but by which the ears are able to hear, know that alone is Brahman.



104. If one does not know Brahman, he is caught in the round of births and deaths.


126. Truth excels others as an aid to knowledge.



Māṇḍūkya, 


Mandukya Upanishad - Introduction

The Mandukya Upanishad is the shortest yet one of the most profound Upanishads, consisting of just 12 verses. It explores the nature of the Self (Atman) through the symbol of Om, breaking it into its components – A, U, M – representing the waking, dreaming, and deep sleep states of consciousness. Beyond these three is the fourth state, Turiya, which transcends all experience and represents pure, undivided awareness. This Upanishad is foundational in Advaita Vedanta and was extensively commented on by Adi Shankaracharya. It emphasizes that realizing Turiya leads to liberation (moksha). Despite its brevity, it offers a complete roadmap to understanding ultimate reality.

https://shlokam.org/text/mandukya-upanishad.htm


https://www.sivanandaonline.org/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=585&parent=577&format=html


1. Om, the word, is all this. Its further explanation is this. All that is past, present and future is verily Om. That which is beyond the triple conception of time, is verily Om.


2. All this is verily Brahman. This Atman (the Supreme Self) is Brahman. This Atman has four quarters, four feet, not like those of a cow, but like the fractions of a coin


8. This is that Atman even with regard to the letters (of the word Om); it is the Omkara with its parts. The quarters are the parts, and the parts the quarters. The parts of OM are 'A', 'U' and 'M'.


12. That which has no parts is the fourth, transcendental, destitute of phenomenal existence, all bliss and non-dual. This verily is Omkara. He who knows this merges his self in the Self.


Mandukya Upanishad, first verse:

हरिः ओम् । ओमित्येतदक्षरमिदं सर्वं तस्योपव्याख्यानं भूतं भवद्भविष्यदिति सर्वमोङ्कार एव | यच्चान्यत्त्रिकालातीतं तदप्योङ्कार एव ॥ १ ॥


1. Hariḥ Aum. Aum, the word, is all this. A clear explanation of it (is the following). All that is past, present and future is verily Aum. That which is beyond the triple conception of time, is also truly Aum.

https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mandukya-upanishad-karika-bhashya/d/doc143592.html

Verses

1. Om is the all-pervading sound and the Self; it represents the past, present, and future.

2. The Self has four states: waking, dreaming, deep sleep, and the transcendent fourth (Turiya).

3. In waking state, the Self is outwardly aware, identified with gross objects.

4. In dreaming, the Self turns inward and experiences subtle impressions.

5. In deep sleep, the Self rests without desires or dreams—blissful but unconscious.

6. These three states are temporary manifestations of the Self.

7. Turiya is beyond mind and language—pure consciousness and the real Self.

8. Om represents the Self in its entirety—each syllable (A, U, M) linked to a state.

9. ‘A’ symbolizes the waking state—beginning, expansion, and consciousness of the outer world.

10. ‘U’ symbolizes the dream state—mid-point and subtle inner experience.

11. ‘M’ symbolizes deep sleep—merging and unconscious bliss.

12. The silence after Om is Turiya, the ultimate Self, beyond all experience and duality.

https://shlokam.org/text/mandukya-upanishad.htm

Muṇḍaka, 

INTRODUCTION
THREE OUT OF THE 10 Major Upanishads are from the Atharvana Veda. They are Prashna, Mundaka and Maandukya. Mundaka is usually studied before Prashna because the former gives the Mantras and the latter explains their usage. 

Shaunaka is the student and Angiraa is the Teacher in this text.

https://www.sivanandaonline.org/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=584&parent=577&format=html


1. The knowledge which is a means to the attainment of the highest Brahman can be attained only by the grace of the preceptor, after one's having renounced all desire and egoism, and having acquired the four means of salvation.


6. Cultivate discrimination, dispassion, austerity, faith, concentration, love for solitude, for the attainment of immortality and eternal bliss.


7. Seek the knowledge of Brahman from a qualified teacher who is versed in the Vedas (Brahma Stotriya) and is established in Brahman (Brahma-Nishtha).


8. There are two kinds of Vidya Apara (the lower) and the Para (the higher). The former is founded on the four Vedas and the six Vedangas. The latter refers to Brahman which is all-pervading, immortal, indivisible and self-luminous.


9. Just as a spider projects the web out of its body and then again withdraws it into itself, so also Brahman projects this world and then withdraws it into itself.


10. Brahman is a target to be penetrated by meditation on Om.


14. Brahma, the creator and protector of this universe, arose as the first among Gods. He expounded the science of the knowledge of Brahman (Brahma-Vidya), the foundation of all knowledge (all sciences) to Atharvan, his eldest son.



15. Whatever Brahma told Atharvan, that knowledge Atharvan gave to Angir. Angir taught it to Satyavaha of the family of Bharadvaja, and Satyavaha taught to Angiras the knowledge traditionally obtained by the success on of teachers.


16. Saunaka, the great householder, approached Angiras in the manner laid down by the scriptures and questioned; What is that, O Bhagavan, which being known, all this becomes known?


The Origin of Things


30. As a spider sends forth and draws in its web, as herbs grow from the earth, as hair grows from living man, so this universe proceeds from the immortal (Brahman).


31. Creation is not a real transformation (Parinama) but only a projection of a certain inscrutable, illusory power of Brahman.


32. Just as seeds remain latent underground in winter and burst forth into herbs and plants in the rainy season, so also the Jivas remain latent in Pralaya with their different Karmas as their seeds, and come out at the time of creation as trees of different kinds, but with their roots always in Brahman.



60. But sages who have attained the knowledge of the Self attain Kaivalya Mukti. They do not go to any Loka or world. Their Pranas, etc. are directly absorbed in Brahman. They become one with the supreme Self. They attain liberation in this very life.


78. Knowledge of Brahman is not mere intellectual knowledge. To know Brahman is to become Brahman.


79. Know this Brahman which is beyond the reach of the intellect and senses, through intuition or direct spiritual experience in deep meditation.



90. There are three kinds of Karmas, viz., Sanchita (accumulated works) Prarabdha and Agami or Kriyamana (current works done in this present life, which will bear fruit in future lives).


91. Prarabdha is the name given to the effects of one's works which brought about this birth which have already begun to germinate and bear fruit in this life.


Auxiliaries to Wisdom


118. The realisation of Brahman as the one common consciousness in all beings, the knowledge of the Atman alone, is real wisdom.


158. He who knows the highest Brahman becomes even Brahman. In his line no one who does not know Brahman will be born. He overcomes grief, good and evil, and being freed from the fetters of the heart, becomes Immortal.


159. Let one teach this knowledge of Brahman to those only who perform the Karma enjoined, who are versed in the Vedas, and firmly established in the Brahman (lower), who, endowed with full faith, offer oblations, themselves, to the fire called Ekarshi, and who perform the vow called Sirovrata (who carry fire on the head) according to the rule (of the Atharvanas).

1

ओं । ब्रह्मा देवानां प्रथमः संबभूव विश्वस्यकर्ता भुवनस्य गोप्ता ।

स ब्रह्मविद्यां सर्वविद्याप्रतिष्ठामथर्वाय ज्येष्ठपुत्राय प्राह ॥ १ ॥


1. Brahma was the first among the Devas, the creator of the universe, the protector of the world. He taught the knowledge of Brahman, on which all knowledge rests, to his eldest son Atharva.


https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mundaka-upanishad-shankara-bhashya/d/doc145074.html

https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mundaka-upanishad-shankara-bhashya

https://chinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/29_Mundaka_Upanishad-955bb8e2-f5ac-4003-94dd-93f787039d7f.pdf


 Praṣna, 


The Prashna Upanishad is a series philosophical poems presented as questions (prashna) inquired by various Hindu sages (Rishi) and answered by Sage Pippalada. The questions discuss knowledge about Brahman, the relation of the individual (Purusha) with the universal (Atman), meditation, immortality and various other Spiritual topics.

https://www.sivanandaonline.org/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=583&parent=577&format=html




1. Six seekers of Brahman go to a sage called Pippalada and put him six questions. These questions and answers form the substance of this Upanishad.


18. Sukesa, Satyakama, Gargya, Kausalya, Bhargava, Kabandhi, all these devoted to Brahman and centered in Brahman, seeking the highest Brahman, approached the revered Pippalada with offering (Samit) in their hands, thinking that he would explain all to them.


Life and Matter


27. Life has no beginning. The world is not created. It is simply projected by God.


28. Then Katyayana Kabandi approached Pippalada and asked; Venerable master, whence are these creatures born?


29. He replied: Prajapati (the Lord of creatures) was desirous of offspring. He performed penance (thought) and having performed he created a pair-matter (Rayi) and life (Prana), food and eater, thinking that these together would produce creatures for him in many ways.


Prana: Greater than Senses


70. Then Bhargava, son of Vidarbha questioned Pippalada.: O Bhagavan, how many Devas support the creation? Which of them enlighten that? Who, again, is, amongst them, the greatest?


72. He replied: Those Devas verily are the ether, wind, fire, water, speech, mind, eye and the ear. They, manifesting their glory, disputed among each other and said, we hold together and support this body.


73. Prana, the greatest, said to them: Be not lost in delusion

The Mystery of Life


92. Then Kausalya, son of Asvala, questioned Pippalada: O, Bhagavan, where is this Prana born? How does it come into the body? How does it abide after it has divided itself? How does it go out? How does it support what is without, and all within the body?


94. This Prana is born of the Atman. As is this shadow in the man, so is this Prana in the Atman. By the action of the mind this enters into the body.


Functions of Prana


96. As a king commands his officers, saying to them, Reside in and govern these or those villages, so does this Prana dispose the other Pranas each for their separate work.


97. The Apana dwells in the organs of excretion and generation; the Prana itself abides in the eye, ear, mouth, and nose. In the middle is Samana. It. distributes the food supplied equally and the seven flames proceed from it.


98. Apana dwells in the anus and the generative organs. It does excretion. Prana does the sensory life function. It dwells in the eye, the ears, etc. Samana dwells in the navel. It does the digestive function. Vyana does the circulation of blood. It is all-pervading. Udana helps swallowing of food and drink. It takes the Jiva to Brahman during deep sleep. It takes the Jiva out of the body during death and conducts him to the other world. It abides in the throat.


Glory of Meditation on Om


130. Then Satyakama, son of Sibi questioned Pippalada; O Bhagavan, what world does he who, among men, meditates on Om until death, attain by that.


131. Om is the Pratika or substitute for Brahman. It is the symbol of Brahman.


132. Meditation on Om with Bhava (feeling) and its meaning is really meditation on Brahman.


133. Meditation on Om is the keeping up of the continuous flow of the one idea of the supreme Self, like the flow of oil from one vessel to another (Tailadharavat) .


134. The mind should be steady like the flame of a lamp in a windless place.


135. Meditation can be practised only by that aspirant whose senses are turned away from external objects, who has a calm mind, who is endowed with discrimination, self-restraint, purity, faith, endurance and a strong yearning for final emancipation.


136. Pippalada replied: O Satyakama, the syllable Om is indeed the higher and the lower Brahman. Therefore, he who knows it by this means, surely attains either of them.


137. Om primarily signifies Para-Brahman and secondarily denotes Hiranyagarbha.


Fundamentals of Sankhya Philosophy


152. According to the Sankhya philosophy, Prakriti or Pradhana is the creator and Purusha is the enjoyer.


153. Prakriti transforms itself into Mahat (intellect), mind, egoism, Tanmatras, elements, etc., for the benefit or enjoyment of the Purusha.


154. He created Prana, from Prana faith, ether, air, fire, water, earth, senses, mind and food; and from food, strength, penance, Mantras, Karma and the world, and in the world, name (i.e., the individual) .


155. Akasa, ether, has the attribute of sound.


156. Air is born of Akasa. It has two attributes, its own, touch, and that of its cause, sound.


157. Fire is born of air. It has three attributes, its own, form, and the two attributes of previous elements, sound and touch.


158. Water is born of fire. It has four attributes its own, taste, and the three attributes of the elements previously named.


159. Earth is born of water. It has four attributes its own, smell, and the attributes of the four previously named.


162. Then Pippalada said to them: This much alone I know of this highest Purusha; there is nothing higher than this.


163. They, worshipping him, said: Thou art our father who helps to cross over the ocean, of ignorance. Salutations to the highest Rishis! Salutations to the highest Rishis!

https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/prashna-upanishad-shankara-bhashya/d/doc145275.html


 Prashna I 

Verse 1.1

ओं सुकेशा च भारद्वाजः शैब्यश्च सत्यकामः सौर्यायणी च गार्ग्यः कौसल्यश्चाश्वलायनो भार्गवो वैदर्भिः कबन्धी कात्यायनस्ते हैते ब्रह्मपरा ब्रह्मनिष्ठाः परं ब्रह्मान्वेषमाणा एष ह वै तत्सर्वं वक्श्यतीति ते ह समित्पाणयो भगवन्तं पिप्पलादमुपसन्नाः ॥ १ ॥

1. Sukesa, son of Bharadvaja, and Satyakama, son of Sibi, and Gargya, a son of the son of the sun, and Kausalya, son of Asvala, and Bhargava of Vidarbha, and Kabandhi, son of Katya,—all these intent on Brahman and centred in Brahman, seeking the highest Brahman, approached the revered Pippalada, samit (sacrificial fuel) in hand, thinking that he would explain all to them.

https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/prashna-upanishad-shankara-bhashya/d/doc145276.html

Taittirīya, 


The Taittiriya Upanishad is one of the older, "primary" Upanishads, part of the Yajur Veda. It says that the highest goal is to know the Brahman, for that is truth. It is divided into three sections, 1) the Siksha Valli, 2) the Brahmananda Valli and 3) the Bhrigu Valli.

https://www.sivanandaonline.org/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=586&parent=577&format=html


2. This Upanishad is divided into sections called vallis, viz., (1) Siksha-valli or the section on instruction. (2) Brahmananda-valli or the section on Brahma-bliss. (3) Bhrigu-valli or the section on Bhrigu.




9. Vayu is Hiranyagarbha or Cosmic Prana.


10. The repetition of �Om-Santi' thrice is to remove the three kinds of obstacles, viz. Adhyatmika (from our self), Adhidaivika (from the heavens) and Adhibhautika (from living beings).


11. Mitra is the presiding deity of the activity of the Prana and the day. Varuna is the presiding deity of the activity of Apana and of the night. Aryama (the sun) is the presiding deity of the eye and of the sun. Indra is the presiding deity of strength and of the hands. Brihaspati is the presiding deity of speech and intellect. Vishnu is the presiding deity of the feet.



The Exhortation


12. Now comes the final instruction which the students in those days received when they completed their studies under the preceptor. Having taught the Vedas the preceptor exhorts the disciple.


13. Speak the truth. Do your duty (righteousness). Never swerve from the study of the Vedas. Do not cut off the thread of the offspring after giving the preceptor the fee he desires. Never swerve away from truth. Never swerve from duty (righteousness). Never neglect your welfare. Never neglect your prosperity. Never neglect the study and the teachings of the Vedas.


14. Never swerve from your duties to the gods and to men. May the mother be thy god (Matrudevo bhava). May the father be thy god (Pitrudevo bhava). May the preceptor be thy god (Acharyadevo bhava). May the guest be thy god (Atithidevo bhava). Let only those actions that are free from blemish be done, and not others. Only those that are good acts to us should be performed by thee, and not others.


15. You should remove the fatigue of Brahmins who are superior, by serving them with seats, etc.


16. Gift should be given with faith; it should never be given without faith. It should be given in plenty, with modesty, with reverence, with sympathy.


17. Now, if there should arise in thee any doubt as regards any action or conduct, thou shouldst act in those matters as do those Brahmins there, who are thoughtful, religious, not cruel, and devoted to Dharma.


18. Now as regards persons accused of sin, do thou deal with them as do the Brahmins there, who are thoughtful, religious, not cruel, and devoted to Dharma.


19. This is the injunction. This is the teaching. This is the secret of the Vedas. This is the word of command. This should be observed. Thus is this to be meditated upon.

Lectures 118

https://srisaradadevi.com/wiki/Category:Taittiriya_Upanishad


This edition contains the orignal sanskrit, and the english translation of the Taittiriya Upanishad With the Commentaries of Śaṅkarāchārya (Shankara), Sureśvarāchārya (Sureshvara) and Sāyaṇa (also known as Vidyāraṇya)

https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-taittiriya-upanishad


ॐ शं नो मित्रः शं वरुणः । शं नो भवत्वर्यमा । शं न इन्द्रो बृहस्पतिः । शं नो विष्णुरुरुक्रमः ॥ १ ॥


oṃ śaṃ no mitraḥ śaṃ varuṇaḥ | śaṃ no bhavatvaryamā | śaṃ na indro bṛhaspatiḥ | śaṃ no viṣṇururukramaḥ || 1 ||


1. Om. May Mitra be propitious to us, and Varuṇa propitious be; may Aryaman propitious be to us; propitious be Indra and Bṛhaspati to us; to us propitious may Viṣṇu of vast extent be.


Mantra and Brāhmaṇa.

The Veda consists of two portions, Mantra and Brāhmaṇa.[1] The Brahmavallī[2] falls under the category of Brāhmaṇa. Brāhmaṇa again is eight-fold. And the eight varieties of Brāhmaṇa are enumerated by the Vājasaneyins[3]: as follows:

https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-taittiriya-upanishad/d/doc79803.html

Chapter VII - Māyā and Īśvara

https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-taittiriya-upanishad/d/doc79805.html

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------


https://estudantedavedanta.net/Taittiriya%20Upanishad%20-%20Swami%20Sarvanand%20[Sanskrit-English].pdf


https://archive.org/details/AitareyataittiriyaUpanishadsWithShankaraBhashya-English






Brahma Sutras



1


My notes


https://guide-india.blogspot.com/2025/09/brahma-sutra-chapter-2.html

https://guide-india.blogspot.com/2025/09/brahma-sutra-chapter-3.html


Full book English Translation







https://vedantastudents.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/01-Bramha-Sutra-Volume-1.pdf



https://vedantastudents.com/brahma-sutra-chapter-1-adhikaranam-1-vol-1-introduction-with-shankarabashyam/
https://vedantastudents.com/brahma-sutra-chapter-1-adhikaranam-1-vol-2-introduction-with-shankarabashyam/

https://vedantastudents.com/brahma-sutra-chapter-1-adhikaranam-1-vol-3-sutra-1-1-1-introduction-with-shankarabashyam/


https://vedantastudents.com/brahma-sutra-chapter-1-pada-3-adhikaranam-1-to-13-sutra-1-to-43/

https://vedantastudents.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/03-Bramha-Sutra-Volume-3.pdf

https://vedantastudents.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/04-Bramha-Sutra-Volume-4.pdf
https://vedantastudents.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/05-Bramha-Sutra-Volume-5.pdf


https://vedantastudents.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/10-Bramha-Sutra-Volume-10.pdf

https://vedantastudents.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/11-Bramha-Sutra-Volume-11.pdf



Videos

Brahma Sutra - 134 Lectures - All sutras - Surya Nanda

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pp7fxPR031Y&list=PL-BTBhLYYASuMyy2OYPy5uhnBFnTwg70m


---------------------

📖 Scriptures Taught by Swami Sarvapriyananda




---------------------

Chinmayananda


All chapters - All verses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuRMvbw-tg4&list=PLm6DKuwwu5zqwlAOcutaoBHLjlQuJmO0C

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GVdv2ep87c&list=PLm6DKuwwu5zqNjrJxZ5uhdnIo_8XkgSx1

Ch.3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bg2wyk-8k8Y&pp=ygUzIFN3YW1pIENoaW5tYXlhbmFuZGEgIGJoYWdhdmFkZ2l0YSAjQ2hpbm1heWFNaXNzaW9u

Chapter 6
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeVR5iMNz2s&list=PLVaQ1AsTFVEJBDrn-UTrL4Vv8OysF7sVf



aitareya
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8u89UQAKGQ0&pp=ygUjYWl0YXJleWEgdXBhbmlzaGFkICNDaGlubWF5YU1pc3Npb27SBwkJkQoBhyohjO8%3D

Brihadaranyaka
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KgtTuXGAPA&list=PLjkKZOXg8kxseo85SEDYYbugrU3FYQ0ls

Chandyog
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtJVTI7Qfhk&list=PLjHWThc-6fiYIlE8RHOfynmN24VFsTv_G

Kathopanishad


Kenopanishad
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hltf3lExU-8&list=PLm6DKuwwu5zqD-K-bh4MBtgvH1pQ9fchb

Isavyasa



Mundaka
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9ehRswln7A&list=PLjkKZOXg8kxsUhz6FCLksi-IYZb5CD8J-

Mandukya
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyH5JJBBpRw&pp=ygUadXBhbmlzaGFkICNDaGlubWF5YU1pc3Npb24%3D

Prasna
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpys5f1Rfwg&list=PLjkKZOXg8kxtBxLnh8Fx1_pmAJ9Wb0g2C&pp=0gcJCbUEOCosWNin

Taittiriya
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zC7LSt1rNQ&list=PL_ObtCKpTBXRVOn9SBTNZdjgRz-AI2KJ7

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8EAbPkcvZCY&list=PLjkKZOXg8kxta8Q13g1ZjBgYjb2WTQHHF



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nu9OFsLgSU8&list=PLm6DKuwwu5zoG_yJt9QGqzGL4E35g0t4C
Ud. 2.2.2026, 5.9.2025

Pub. 14.5.2024













Tuesday, July 28, 2026

India Parliament - Lok Sabha Elections 2014 News, Views, Analysis and Results


Interesting to come back and read.

2014 Lok Sabha Election Results


BJP got a simple majority on its own winning 282 seats.
NDA got 334 seats

Congress got only 46 seats. Close to Congress is AIADMK with 37 seats.


http://www.firstpost.com/election-results

__________________________________


AAP - 2014 Lok Sabha Election Campaign

BJP Mission 272+ State Targets and Campaign

Congress - 2014 Lok Sabha Election Campaign


Candidate Lists

BJP    -   Congress

Political Leaders

Narendra Modi     -  Rahul Gandhi  - Man Mohan Singh  - Arvind Kejriwal
Statements and Regrets of Indian Politicians    -   Videos Related to 2014 India Parliament Elections
Modi's Mobile Campaign Strategy  -
BJP's Mission 272 Constituencies and Prospects  - BJP Mission 272+ State Targets and Campaign

IBN Live Narendra Modi News  -  IBN Live Rahul Gandhi News
IBN Live BJP News                   -   IBN Live Congress News

BJP Mission 272+ (Plus) plan Realistic - State Leaders Committed to Targets

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________


13. March 2014
Latest Opinion Poll by NDTV
NDA seems to getting closer to 272 mark
http://www.ndtv.com/elections/live-blog/show/the-final-word-india-s-biggest-opinion-poll-495290?pfrom=home-lateststories

5 March 2014



The Highlights of the Schedules are indicated below:

POLL DAYS – GENERAL ELECTIONS, 2014

POLL  DAYDATE OF POLL NUMBER OFSTATES &UNIONTERRITORIESNUMBER OF
PARLIAMENTARY
CONSTITUENCIES
1 07.04.2014 2 6
2 09.04.2014 5 7
3 10.04.2014 14 92
4 12.04.2014 3 5
5 17.04.2014 13 122
6 24.04.2014 12 117
7 30.04.2014 9 89
8 07.05.2014 7 64
9 12.05.2014 3 41
TOTAL PARLIAMENTARY
CONSTITUENCIES
543


http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2014/mar/d2014030501.pdf

Statewise Schedule

Andhra Pradesh - 30 April and 7 May Arunachal Pradesh - 9 April Assam - 7 april, 12 April and 24 April Bihar - 10 April, 17 April, 24 April, 30 April, 7 May and 12 May Chhattisgarh - 10 April, 17 April and 24 April Goa - 17 April Gujarat - 30 April Haryana - 10 April Himachal Pradesh - 7 May Jammu Kashmir - 10 April, 17 April, 24 April 30 April and 7 May Jharkhand - 10 April, 17 April and 24 April Karnataka - 17 April Kerala: 10 April Madhya Pradesh: 10 April, 17 April and 24 April Maharashtra: 10 April,  17 April and 24 April Manipur : 9 April and 17 April Meghalaya : 9 April Mizoram: 9 April Nagaland:  9 April Odisha: 10 April and 17 April Punjab: 30 April Rajasthan: 17 April 24 April Sikkim: 12 April Tamil Nadu: 24 April Tripura: 7 April and 12 April Uttar Pradesh: 10 April, 17 April, 24 April, 30 April, 7 May, 12 May Uttarakhand: 7 May West Bengal: 17 April, 24 April, 30 April, 7 May and 12 May Andaman Nicobar Islands: 10 April Chandigarh: 10 April Dadra and Nagar Haveli: 30 April Daman and Diu: 30 April Lakshadweep: 10 April NCT Delhi: 10 April Puducherry: 24 April







16 Jan

Interview with Ram Madhav - RSS Spokesperson
http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/modi-darling-of-rss-media-interpretation-ram-madhav-india-tv--12508.html


'Kejriwal will force Modi to change his electoral campaign'  - Part 1
Congress underestimated the resentment of people Part 2
 Interview with Professor Jaffrelot, a senior research fellow at CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) and professor of South Asian politics and history at Sciences Po (Paris)
http://www.rediff.com/news/interview/interview-christophe-jaffrelot-kejriwal-will-force-modi-to-change-his-electoral-campaign/20140115.htm
http://www.rediff.com/news/interview/christophe-jaffrelot-congress-has-underestimated-the-resentment-of-the-people/20140116.htm

13 January 2014
Survey of 21 urban seats in Delhi, NCR and Mumbai Thane by ABP Nielsen
8 for AAP, 3 for Congress, 10 for BJP and Shivsena
6/7 in Delhi for AAP, One more in UP and One in Mumbai-Thane
3 for Congress in Mumbai and Thane area.
http://www.abplive.in/india/2014/01/13/article111808.ece/ABP-News-Nielsen-Opinion-Poll-AAP-impacting-Congress-the-most-in-Delhi-NCR-advantage-BJP-in-Mumbai--Thane#.UtQRPtKBni6

The survey also says 48% want Modi as PM, 31% Arun Kejriwal and 16% Rahul Gandhi.
http://www.abplive.in/india/2014/01/13/article111805.ece/ABP-News-Nielsen-Opinion-Poll-Narendra-Modi-top-choice-for-PM-in-Delhi-NCR-and-Mumbai#.UtQpmtKBni4

11 January 2014
Congress has failed in safeguarding India's secular fabric, saysPresident of Jamiat-e-Ulema Hind, Arshad Madni
http://www.ummid.com/news/2014/January/11.01.2014/muslim-leaders-on-arrest.html

6 January 2014
The Jamaat-e-Islami Hind endorsed the Arvind Kejriwal-led Aam Aadmi Party and appealed the Muslims to support the newly-born party - Jamaat's secretary general Maulana Nusrat Ali
http://www.ummid.com/news/2014/January/06.01.2014/jamat-islami-on-aap.html#.Usy4UuH_VcI.twitter

3 January 2014 -

Press Conference of Prime Minister of Dr. Man Mohan Singh on 3 January 2014

In a few months time, after the general election, I will hand the baton over to a new Prime Minister. I hope it will be a UPA chosen Prime Minister and our party will work to that end in the campaign for the General Elections.


December 2013
Surprising - Mulayam, even in Congress there is support for BJP. N.T. Rama Rao won in AP for the first time like that only. Even Congress Party Agents in the booth voting for NTR.
http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/mulayam-singh-yadav-mimics-lalu-prasad-calls-him-a-congress-stooge-465388
31 December - Mulayam Singh Yadav recognizes Modi Factor. Says BJP may get some more seats due to him.
http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-mulayam-singh-yadav-takes-on-lalu-prasad-yadav-for-visiting-muzaffarnagar-camps-1943364


Lok Sabha elections will give Rs. 1000 crore advertising revenue to Print and television.

Rahul Gandhi now taking interest in Lok Pal and Lok Ayukta Bills - Kejriwal Effect on Congress

BJP more confident after victories in Rajastan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhatisgarh


17 October 2013
Times Now - C Voter Survey
BJP to be single largest party in 2014 Lok Sabha election: Survey - 162 seasts
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-17/india/43142991_1_ysr-congress-seats-times-now-cvoter

Prime Minister Modi is no longer a distant possibility.
Read more at: http://www.firstpost.com/politics/modi-on-the-verge-of-realising-pm-dreams-survey-1177197.html

18 September 2013
Opinion Polls Predicts success for BJP in State Assembly Elections.
Modi is the first choice for PM in the states
http://www.rediff.com/news/report/opinion-polls-predict-bjp-win-in-mp-chhattisgarh-rajasthan/20130919.htm

13 September 2013
Narendra Modi  was declared  as the PM candidate of BJP
http://www.firstpost.com/politics/modi-is-bjps-pm-candidate-coronation-complete-1107229.html

Accepting the party decision, Modi gave a slogan "nayi soch, nayi ummeed" (new thinking, new hope) and said the BJP will go the 2014 polls with the plank of good governance and development while fighting against corruption and price rise.
http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-its-final-bjp-to-declare-modi-as-pm-candidate-today/20130913.htm

Modi is only Prime Time Minister, Said Congress spokesman, Sanjay Jha in a discussion on a TV Channel

A tough election will be there between Congress and BJP in 2014. Was it a tough election in 2004?

7 September
Opinion Poll - AC Nielsen - ABP
BJP will emerge as the single largest party in the coming parliamentary elections
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-07/india/41854335_1_narendra-modi-congress-and-bjp-single-largest-party

3 August 2013
Modi-Hit Chief Ministers - Akhilesh Yadav and Nitish Kumar
An article by Shekhar Gupta - The chief minister who came to power on the promise of good governance are losing their appeal because of chasing muslim vote now.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/national-interest-modihit/1150469/0

2 August 2013
How Modi won BJP primaries in American fashion?
http://www.firstpost.com/politics/how-modi-won-the-bjp-primaries-in-american-fashion-1004897.html

29 July 2013

Times Now Opinion Poll

37.7% vote for Narendra Modi
17.7% for Rahul Gandhi

Congress Clear Loser
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Congress-clear-loser-but-BJP-far-from-victory-opinion-poll-says/articleshow/21468590.cms


27 July 2013
CNN - IBN Opinion Poll

NDA to win 172-180 seats, UPA 149-157, others 147-155

http://ibnlive.in.com/news/poll-tracker-nda-to-win-172180-seats-upa-149157-others-147155/409672-37-64.html

Gujarat and Maharashtra   -    UP, MP,  Rajastan   -  Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu

How Big States will in 2014 Elections  - Video
http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/409633/cnnibn-election-tracker-how-big-states-will-vote-in-2014.html

How India will vote in 2014 Elections - Video
http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/409751/regional-parties-the-key-as-upa-nda-may-fall-short-of-majority-in-ls-polls.html

BJP will achieve better than what opinion poll predicted - Advani
Advani said so while addressing Schedule Caste Morcha
http://in.news.yahoo.com/bjp-achieve-record-breaking-result-advani-102406749.html

Can Narendra Modi win 2014 elections without a ‘united’ BJP?
http://zeenews.india.com/blog/can-narendra-modi-win-2014-elections-without-a-united-bjp_6538.html

24 July 2013
Modi's Mobile Campaign Strategy

23.July 2013
Economic Times
Amartya Sen: I would not like to see Narendra Modi as Prime Minister.   I would not like a prime minister who generates concern and fear on the part of minorities. But he added, "that does not mean that I don't see what he has done and why people admire him."
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narendra-modi-not-secular-enough-to-be-pm-says-amartya-sen/articleshow/21256176.cms


21 July 2013
Times of India
Mahatma versus Modi: Tale of Two Nationalists
M.J.Akbar
http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/TheSiegeWithin/entry/mahatma-versus-modi-tale-of-two-nationalists

Rediff
Should Modi be marketing his administrative model?
http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-should-modi-be-marketing-his-administrative-model/20130721.htm

'Vibrant Gujarat' a marketing gimmick, says Sachin Pilot
http://www.rediff.com/news/report/vibrant-gujarat-a-marketing-gimmick-says-sachin-pilot/20130721.htm

20 July 2013
BJP can get to 272 seats with NDA
Minhaz Merchant

Hindi heartland total: 82 seats (Uttar Pradesh 35, Bihar 15, Rajasthan 19, Punjab 5, Haryana 3 and Delhi 5).
West 40 seats (Gujarat 22, Maharashtra 16, Goa 2)
Central 35 seats
South 18 seats (Karnataka 16, A.P. 2)
Rest 23 states and union territories 25 seats
Total 200
Shiva Sena + SAD - 25 seats
AIADMK 30
Independents 10
TRS 10   Total 275  - Good number's forecast by Minhaz Merchant
http://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/headon/entry/272-the-2-tier-strategy-to-get-there-part-ii

Edelweiss, a Mumbai based Brokerage company came out with a election survey.
It says BJP will win 145 - 155 seats and Congress will win
http://exitopinionpollsindia.blogspot.in/




19 July 2013
Poll team of BJP announced
http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/bjp-declares-poll-team-headed-by-narendra-modi-highlights-394364

18 July
Mint  - Livemint.com
Bharatiy Janata Party's Lost Victories
The choice between Congress-sponsored voodoo economics and BJP-sponsored religious medievalism won't be much of a choice at all.

Rediff
Will  Modi's Star burnout by Winter - TVR Shenoy
http://www.rediff.com/news/column/will-modis-star-burn-out-by-winter/20130718.htm



Econonomic Times
Why Modi lifting his veil is high Risk of BJP
Anish Sharma



14 July 2013
Rural India has great expecations from Narendra Modi
Opinions of rural people of Rajastan
Tavleen Singh
http://www.niticentral.com/2013/07/14/here-is-what-rural-india-thinks-of-narendra-modi-103817.html


5 July 2013
Survey by magazine Week predicts 197 seats to NDA and 184 seats to UPA.
http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=178931

21 May 2013
Projecting Modi as PM will get NDA 220 seats. C-Voter survey.
http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/narendra-modi-2014-lok-sabha-polls-headlines-today-c-voter-survey-nda-trump-card-india-today/1/272341.html

January 2013
Astrological Magazine
According to astrology, time bad for Congress and good for BJP.
http://www.journalofastrology.com/article.php?article_id=437


29.7.2026
Last update 18.5.2014

Saturday, June 20, 2026

Role of Divine Grace in Advaita - Philosophy of Sankaracharya

 


The Role of Divine Grace in the Soteriology of Śaṃkarācārya

edited by Bradley J. Malkovsky

https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=fDA9HMjeRIgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false


The Role of Divine Grace in the Soteriology of Śaṃkarācārya

Bradley J. Malkovsky

BRILL, 2001 - 431 pages

This volume examines the role of divine grace in the non-dualist soteriology of Samkara. The author argues that grace is an essential but generally overlooked feature in ?a?kara's enlightenment spirituality. Introductory chapters summarize recent developments in ?a?kara research, ?a?kara's epistemology and ontology, ancient Ved?ntic teachings on grace, and modern scholarly disagreement about grace in ?a?kara's Advaita system. The heart of the book consists of two lengthy exegetical chapters examining ?a?kara's key passages on grace from his dozen genuine works. The final chapter presents for the first time a systematic summary of ?a?kara's understanding of the operation and necessity of divine grace. This book provides a useful summary of ?a?kara's system as a whole besides offering a radical revision of the standard understanding of ?a?kara's soteriology. It also reveals that ?a?kara was much more indebted in his thinking to his Vedantic predecessors than had hitherto been thought.


https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=fDA9HMjeRIgC

Preview




TĀDĀTMYA AND PRASĀDA: SARA GRANT AND BRADLEY J. MALKOVSKY ON THE METAPHYSICS AND SOTERIOLOGY OF ŚAṄKARA

By Sunil Jose

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2025, Indian Christian Philosophizing: Thinking Along With and Ahead of Richard De Smet

https://www.academia.edu/144787540/T%C4%80D%C4%80TMYA_AND_PRAS%C4%80DA_SARA_GRANT_AND_BRADLEY_J_MALKOVSKY_ON_THE_METAPHYSICS_AND_SOTERIOLOGY_OF_%C5%9AA%E1%B9%84KARA


A Contemporary Interpretation of Mayavada: Advaita Vedanta and the Affirmation of the Material Universe

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https://doi.org/10.26686/wgtn.16945534

thesis posted on 2021-11-08, 02:24 authored by Parkin, Nicholas

Mayavada (the doctrine of maya) is the Advaitin explanation of how the infinite Brahman is manifested as the finite material world. Brahman is unchanging and perfect; the locus of the changing and imperfect world. This paper has two aims. The first is to show that mayavada affirms the reality of the material world, despite the claims of Paul Deussen and Prabhu Dutt Sharstri to the contrary. To achieve this end a world-affirming mayavada is formulated based on the metaphysics of Swami Vivekananda, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and Sri Aurobindo. The second aim is to show that world-affirming mayavada is a plausible metaphysical position which should be taken seriously in contemporary metaphysical debate. To achieve this some pluralist arguments against nondualism are rejected, and it is explained how world-affirming mayavada is preferable to pluralism when accounting for the ontological problems that arise from limitless decomposition and emergence due to quantum entanglement. Hence the conclusion of this paper will be that mayavada is a plausible metaphysical position which affirms the reality of the material world.

https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/A_Contemporary_Interpretation_of_Mayavada_Advaita_Vedanta_and_the_Affirmation_of_the_Material_Universe/16945534?file=31352671



Research Papers - Articles - Advaita - Sankara Philosophy - Upanishads - Brahma Sutra

 




Home / Archives / Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): April Issue / Articles

Advaita Vedanta and Contemporary Science: Critical Intersections Between Non-Dualistic Philosophy and Scientific Paradigms of Consciousness

Authors

Prof. Dr. Harikumar Pallathadka

Vice-Chancellor & Professor, Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur, INDIA

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0705-9035

Prof. Dr. Parag Deb Roy

Social Scientist & Independent Researcher, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA

https://www.jrasb.com/index.php/jrasb/article/view/764?articlesBySimilarityPage=7



Advaita Vedanta and Strategic Management Insights from Ancient Indian Philosophy for Modern Organizations

December 2025

Authors:

Hardi Bimalkumar Bhatt

Silver Oak College of Engineering & Tech

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400252203_Advaita_Vedanta_and_Strategic_Management_Insights_from_Ancient_Indian_Philosophy_for_Modern_Organizations


Indian J Psychiatry. 2024 Feb 12;66(2):202–207. doi: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_368_23

The spiritual philosophy of Advaita: Basic concepts and relevance to psychiatry

Sundararajan Rajagopal 1,✉

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PMCID: PMC10956581  PMID: 38523763

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10956581/


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DOI: 10.54392/ijot2412

Final Goal in Advaita Vethanda is a Philosophical Research

Sahayaseelan R+

https://journals.asianresassoc.org/index.php/ijot/article/view/1841



University of New Hampshire

University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository

Master's Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship

Spring 2024

Yoga and Advaita Vedanta: A Study Comparing the Ontological

and Epistemological Foundations of Two Astika Schools of Indian

Philosophy

Devkamal Dutta

University of New Hampshire

https://scholars.unh.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2866&context=thesis



The Role of Divine Grace in the Soteriology of Śaṃkarācārya - Google Books

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(PDF) TĀDĀTMYA AND PRASĀDA: SARA GRANT AND BRADLEY J. MALKOVSKY ON THE METAPHYSICS AND SOTERIOLOGY OF ŚAṄKARA



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Advaita Vedanta

About: Advaita Vedanta is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 151 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1112 citations. The topic is also known as: Advaita.

https://scispace.com/topics/advaita-vedanta-2wmxmi4p



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