Friday, November 23, 2018

Migration from India - Information

Outflow of Workers (in thousands)

         2007    2008 2009    2010    2011   2012     2013      2014     2015     2016
India 809       849    610     641   627   747     817       805     781      521

Source: Table 1.1: Outflows of Workers from Selected Asian Countries, 2007–2016
Page 4 of LABOR MIGRATION IN ASIA: Increasing the Development Impact of Migration through
Finance and Technology
© 2018 Asian Development Bank Institute, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and International Labour Organization
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/410791/adbi-labor-migration-asia.pdf


Around 8 lakh workers are going abroad and doing work. As every year 2 crore persons are looking for employment in India, 8 lakh workers going out in search better opportunities elsewhere in the world is not a surprise phenomenon.


In the total immigrants world wide,  In 2017, the ADB  found 17 million migrants from India, while PRC (People's Republic of China) contributed some 10 million and Bangladesh about 7.5 million.

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-has-most-outward-migrants-in-2017-says-adb-report/articleshow/66337342.cms

Number of Books in Libraries of Universities of India




It is an interesting question.

How many books are there in libraries of universities of India?
Why?
Because there are universities in USA with more than one crore books (10 million).

https://www.infoplease.com/arts-entertainment/literature-and-books/largest-libraries-us

ALA, August 2005 information

Harvard University: 15,181,349
Yale University:       11,114,308


Mumbai University Library

Today (23 November 2018), I came to know that Mumbai University library has around 8 lakh books.

Today it has a stock of nearly 8 lakhs seventy thousand books, periodicals and other material.

Books : 6,99,321

Theses & dessertation: 20,000

Periodicals: 12,000

Manuscripts: 15,000

Microforms: 2,000

http://archive.mu.ac.in/service_library.html


Banaras Hindu University Library

The Banaras Hindu University Library system, the largest University Library System in the country.

The Banaras Hindu University Library System consists of Central Library at apex and 3 Institute Libraries, 8 Faculty Libraries, 25 Departmental Libraries, with a total collection of over 13 lakh volumes.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaji_Rao_Gaekwad_Library


This shows Indian University Libraries are no match for libraries of USA universities. We need to increase our investment in libraries.



MIT Ad Hoc Task Force Report  on the Future of Libraries - 2015

https://v3.pubpub.org/pub/future-of-libraries




Books in IIT Bombay Library



 Collection Total as on 31 March 2015
Books, Theses, CDs & Videos 2,40,101
TLL & BC (Book Bank) Collection 12,084
Bound Volumes of Journals 1,18,925
Reports, Pamphlets, Standards 67,677
Photocopies 4,417
Journals (Print, Online) 40,000+


MIT has 13 lakhs collection

Tuesday, November 20, 2018

Deendayal Upadhyaya - Economic Policy Prescriptions - Implementation Suggestions




Philosophy of Deendayal Upadhyaya


Deen Dayal Upadhyay - Integral Humanism - Part 1

Quotes of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya

http://deendayalupadhyaya.org/home.html

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Deendayal Upadhyaya -   Economic Policy Prescriptions


My argument  is that the policy prescriptions made by Shri Deendayal in his lecture entitled “Economic Structure Suited to National Genius” are logical and can be applied without any great obstacles. No doubt as Shri Deendayal himself points out every economic action based on policy guidelines has to be undertaken based on socio-economic cost benefit analysis. The action has to be based on facts we call data and analysis that tells us that there is economic benefit to the society.

The important points made are:

1. The economic system must help in the development of every human being (who is born ignorant and helpless) into God-like being (Divine being). As we know, each of us start as an infant and become a person like sanyasi who desires less from the people around but does lot for the society. No doubt in the last stages of life, most of the persons may not be able to do anything. That is why people have to start helping others as soon as possible and increase the quantity to the highest level when they have the energy in their body.

2. Economic system of the nation has to be designed to provide all human necessities of the population and goods and services required to protect the nation from aggressors. In addition to these,  there has to be objective of helping people of other nations also.

3. Production system has to understand the limitation of the nature and only milk it and leave it in an able state to provide future generations also the resources. The biodiversity in nature that keeps certain desirable properties of the nature in proper quantities has to be understood and preserved.

4. In the production system only a limited number work and they have to provide all the facilities to the remaining population. Children, old people, housewives have to be provided all the facilities required by employed persons. So the system has to recognize that people with ability, work and provide to all. A man works not only for his bread alone, but also to provide for the needs of all others who are dependent on him.

5. Education is compulsory for all children. The economic system has to involve both family members and society to see to it that children are provided with adequate education. Education is a social responsibility along with it being the responsibility of parents.

6. Adequate medical facilities have to be there in the economic system and even free medical treatment has to be provided.

7. Everybody who wants to work must find employment in the economic system.

8. Capital formation has to take place and it will be good if every person can see the capital that is formed due to his effort. When the capital formed due to a person is credited to his account only, he will not feel that he is being exploited by people creating capital. Therefore a system is to be designed that accumulates  a certain amount of capital in the account of every person who is working.

9. We have to employ machines to the extent we relieve workers from the burden and increase productivity. Machines should not replace labour and make them unemployed. Buying and installing machines have to be planned in such a way that they do not displace existing workers. New employment must come up with new investment as needed by the society.

10. Seven ‘M’s are to be properly understood and employed optimally in the production system. These are 1. Man  2. Material 3. Money  4. Management  5. Motive power  6. Market and 7. Machine.

11. The ownership of capital can be with the state, individuals or any other entity based on pragmatic or economic analysis.

12. Swadeshi and Decentralization are the two words that characterise the economic system to be designed for India.

Swadeshi means increase or improvement of all parameters of our Swadesh. Some of these  parameters are GDP, National Income, Per capita income, literacy rate, life expectancy etc. Decentralization of power of allocating resources is required to ensure effectiveness and also efficiency. According to my studies, India needs to invest Rs. 55 lakh crore in 2016-2017. This means on an average investment of Rs. 10,000 crore has to take place in every parliamentary constituency. Lok Sabha members are the representatives of people interacting with the political executive as well as public administrative service executives. They have to take up the task of facilitating this investment target in the constituency. They have to arrange for interactive sessions with other representatives of people, mayors, municipal chairmen, panchayat presidents, local organizations belonging to agriculture, industry, services,  academicians and researchers to identify investment opportunities and set up organizations to increase production of goods and services. There is clear existing  opportunity for MPs and MLAs to take initiative and guide development in a decentralized manner in the country. I think, as a part of NITI Ayog budget, each MP is given say Rs. One crore per year to organize development related seminars and publish its proceedings in print, broadcast and online media. Such an activity makes discussion related to development a local issue and people come to know of their role in providing themselves with goods and services through various special organizations and their family production units.

Deendayalji concluded his lecture by saying that we have to revitalize our culture to make it dynamic and in tune with the times (Yuganukul) so that our society is enabled to live a healthy, progressive and purposeful life. We have to produce such institutions as will kindle a spirit of action in us.

Let us turn our attention to analytical imperatives suggested by Deendayalji.

Machine: A machine developed internally or imported must provide economic return. Machines have to be brought only after proper economic analysis that indicates adequate expected profit.

Idle machine is losing proposition to an industrialist. Similarly idle manpower is losing proposition to the society. Full employment of all willing people of the society has to be the primary objective of economic planning and technology choices have to be made with full employment as a constraint. There has to be advance planning for the skills required for the technologies to be implemented. You should not keep your recently acquired machines idle because required skilled manpower is not there. You should not bring foreign technicians.

Availability of raw materials has to be assessed and then only investment decisions are made to optimally utilize available resources.

Capital formation has to be planned. Available capital has to be appropriately allocated to fixed capital and working capital.

Economic energy forms are to be used based on their availability. Energy productivity analysis is to be done and energy input has to be minimized.

We have to educate and  develop managers/leaders.  If we cannot develop people who can coordinate at least a dozen people, all other resources remain underutilized and we will underperform other nations.

Good understanding of the consumers’ requirements has to be there in the economic system. The economic analysis has to be based on the preferences indicated by the people.

Bharatiya technology has to be developed. Technology suited to optimal utilization of our resources subject to the constraint of full employment of persons with the desire to work is Bharatiya technology. Swadeshi ideal demands that we develop and employ Bharatiya technology.

I feel the policy prescriptions made by the proponents of Ekatma Manav Darshan are practical and productive.  We need to apply them in our economic practice at microeconomic level and ask the representatives of people and the politicians in government to implement them in macroeconomic decision making. It is only through writing memorandums and engaging in dialogue process that we can enrich the economic thought based on Ekatma Manav Darshan and also come across difficulties likely to come up during implementation.


New
Suggestions for Implementing the 12 Prescriptions


1. The economic system must help in the development of every human being (who is born ignorant and helpless) into God-like being (Divine being). As we know, each of us start as an infant and become a person like sanyasi who desires less from the people around but does lot for the society. No doubt in the last stages of life, most of the persons may not be able to do anything. That is why people have to start helping others as soon as possible and increase the quantity to the highest level when they have the energy in their body.

Suggestion for Implementation

In the society it is to be emphasized that every individual has to take care of self interest as well as social interest. Man is a social animal because he takes care of social interest.  As a consumer, every many takes care of self interest as well as social interest. He maximizes a combination of self interest and social interest.

2. Economic system of the nation has to be designed to provide all human necessities of the population and goods and services required to protect the nation from aggressors. In addition to these,  there has to be objective of helping people of other nations also.

Suggestion for Implementation

Every year, the GDP of the country is analysed and shortages are identified and actions are initiated to make corrections in the next year.

3. Production system has to understand the limitation of the nature and only milk it and leave it in an able state to provide future generations also the resources. The biodiversity in nature that keeps certain desirable properties of the nature in proper quantities has to be understood and preserved.

Suggestion for Implementation

A measure of the degradation of the nature is developed, measured and reported so that we understand when there significant degradation and take steps to alter production and consumption.

4. In the production system only a limited number work and they have to provide all the facilities to the remaining population. Children, old people, housewives have to be provided all the facilities required by employed persons. So the system has to recognize that people with ability, work and provide to all. A man works not only for his bread alone, but also to provide for the needs of all others who are dependent on him.

Suggestion for Implementation

The salary structures of individuals have to reflect his obligation to his family members and to the society.

5. Education is compulsory for all children. The economic system has to involve both family members and society to see to it that children are provided with adequate education. Education is a social responsibility along with it being the responsibility of parents.

Suggestion for Implementation
Education allowance is specified in the salary structures of people so that as parents they realize the obligation to spend it on their child's education.

6. Adequate medical facilities have to be there in the economic system and even free medical treatment has to be provided.

Suggestion for Implementation 
Medical services are given special emphasis in GDP analysis

7. Everybody who wants to work must find employment in the economic system.

Suggestion for Implementation

8. Capital formation has to take place and it will be good if every person can see the capital that is formed due to his effort. When the capital formed due to a person is credited to his account only, he will not feel that he is being exploited by people creating capital. Therefore a system is to be designed that accumulates  a certain amount of capital in the account of every person who is working.

Suggestion for Implementation
Workers can be made financial capital owners through various schemes. Some workers or technicians even today become capital owners by producing some equipment and giving it on rent (hire purchase or lease). Like bonus, we can create capital component in compensation.

9. We have to employ machines to the extent we relieve workers from the burden and increase productivity. Machines should not replace labour and make them unemployed. Buying and installing machines have to be planned in such a way that they do not displace existing workers. New employment must come up with new investment as needed by the society.

Suggestion for Implementation
Allow Industry 4.0 Technology in New Units in Backward Locations
Allow building new plants with Industry 4.0 Technology in backward industrial locations up to a cumulative capacity of 10%
Remove the Idea of Job Losses
http://guide-india.blogspot.com/2018/07/allow-industry-40-technology-in-new.html

10. Seven ‘M’s are to be properly understood and employed optimally in the production system. These are 1. Man  2. Material 3. Money  4. Management  5. Motive power  6. Market and 7. Machine.

Suggestion for Implementation
In the economic system, research and education in science, engineering and  management of each resource used in the economy has to take place. It is a service in the economy and it has to happen adequately.

11. The ownership of capital can be with the state, individuals or any other entity based on pragmatic or economic analysis.

Suggestion for Implementation
The role of private individuals, state (social action at control institution level), and cooperatives (social productive institutions) has to be recognized and various types of organizations are to be used appropriately. Management models and practices are to be developed for each type of ownership.

12. Swadeshi and Decentralization are the two words that characterise the economic system to be designed for India.


Swadeshi
Suggestion for Implementation
Focus on India: 20 Trillion Dollar Economy  by 2047


Decentralization
Suggestion for Implementation
Constituency Domestic Product - Role of MPs and MLAs in CDP Growth



Comments and Suggestions from Shri Ravindra Mahajan, An accomplished Scholar and Author on Deendayal's Philosophy and Ekatma Manav Darshan


Books by Shri Ravindra Mahajan

National Policy Studies in the light of Ekatma Manav Darshan, Center for Integral Studies and Reserach, Pune, 2013

Ekatma Manav Darshan - Vichar Sangrah, Bharatiya Vichar Manch, Ahmedabad, 2014

Prescription 1 - Upliftment of the Human to Divine - Self interest to Social interest
Supplementary points – 1 Generally self-interest and social interest go together. If there is some clash social interest deserves priority. 2 Desirable social should be put forward to all and individual goals  should be set by the individuals for themselves in the light of what is desired, possible and can be aimed)


Prescription 2 - Production in society
Supplementary points – 1 Use word basic necessities, 2 Define these after discussion.


Prescription 4 - Production by some for many
Supplementary points – 1 The individual does need meaningful work and hence, as far as possible, design of work in every establishment has to be to make is useful and satisfying.

Prescription 5 - Education
Supplementary points – 1 Education is the best gift parents and society gives to an individual. 2 It should be affordable and free for vulnerable sections of society. 3 Burdening students with high fee to make educational institution self-supporting or making it a business hurts everybody and is counterproductive.

Prescription 6 - Medical and Health Facilities
Supplementary points – 1 Emphasize ‘prevention’ than ‘treatment’ of disease. 2 Education should stress healthy ahar, vihar and above all vichar. 3 Encourage charitable institutions to provide affordable healthcare to counter menace of high-cost treatments.


Prescription 7 - Employment 
Supplementary points – 1 Employment - both wage and self-employment – should become the central theme of planning and development instead of it being a by-product as at present.

Prescription 9 - Use of Machines
Supplementary points – 1 Emphasis should be on machines operated by individual in the family. 2 R&D should be oriented towards increase of individual productivity through systems like 3D printing machines and use of digital tech for decentralized  component manufacture in homes, 3 Can present giant factories producing components or small items can be economically dispersed in homes?

I thank shri Ravindra Mahajan for going through the article and endorsing it by giving additional suggestions to make ideas more useful to the society.





Economic Ideas of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya

Front Cover
Deep and Deep PublicationsJan 1, 1999 - 167 pages










https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Y6BuFhAGQtYC

PhD Thesis

Socio political and economic ideas of Deendayal Upadhyaya -  A study of integral humanism

Researcher: Kumar, Suresh,  2003
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/120572

India Information Blog - 2.5 Million Page Views - 15 November 2018

https://guide-india.blogspot.com/2018/11/25-million-page-views-15-november-2018.html



Updated on 21 November 2018, 15 November 2018

Monday, November 19, 2018

Agriculture 4.0 - Smart Agriculture - Industry 4.0 Agriculture - Bibliography



2018

Agriculture 4.0 – The Future Of Farming Technology
https://www.oliverwyman.com/our-expertise/insights/2018/feb/agriculture-4-0--the-future-of-farming-technology.html


Agriculture 4.0, What Is It?
What is known as Agriculture 4.0 is nothing but the application of Digitalization processes and the evolution to Industry 4.0 within the primary sector. But, what is that exactly?
https://medium.com/iot-security-review/agriculture-4-0-what-is-it-9bb654b7fca5

Digitisation in agriculture - from precision farming to farming 4.0

Automated steering systems, data-driven targeted application of fertilisers and pesticides, field robots and drones, soil analysis sensors, autonomous driving - digitisation is advancing in agriculture as elsewhere. The economic potential is huge - and does not exclude ecological benefits. Digitisation clearly creates the conditions for successful agricultural practices.
https://www.biooekonomie-bw.de/en/articles/dossiers/digitisation-in-agriculture-from-precision-farming-to-farming-40/

Top 6 Indian AgriTech Startups That Are Revolutionising Agriculture

In 2016, more than 350 AgriTech startups raised $300 million in investment globally, out of which Indian investment accounted for 10 percent.
https://www.analyticsindiamag.com/top-6-indian-agritech-startups-that-are-revolutionising-agriculture/



2016

IoT – A Perspective for Indian Agriculture Sector

Excerpts from keynote speech on “IoT – A Perspective for Agriculture Sector” as presented in the ITC2016 http://techcongress.net/.  Indian Technology Congress 2016.

http://coe-iot.com/blog/iot-a-perspective-for-indian-agrighculture-sector/

2015

Agriculture 4.0 – A long way to go for India!

Published on November 24, 2015
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/agriculture-40-long-way-go-india-rishi-nair

100,000 Articles - Research Papers - Case Studies on Industry 4.0 - 100 crore Indian Readers - Industry 4.0 Bibliographies



For successful implementation and exploitation of Industrial Revolution 4, we need as an input knowledge about it. A data base of 100,000 thousand articles needs to be created and 100 crore Indian readers have to be encouraged to read some or other relevant articles from the database and act appropriately.

10 crore Indians have to read on average 10 articles/papers on Industry 4.0


In this blog an attempt is being made to create an index for bibliographies on the topic of application of Industry 4.0 in various economic areas.


Industry 4.0 Bibliographies - Smart Products and Processes Bibliographies



Agriculture 4.0

Animal Husbandry


Business

Courts

Engineering 4.0


  • Architecture
  • Automobile Engineering
  • Biotechnology
  • Civil Engineering
  • Communications Engineering
  • Computer Engineering
  • Construction Engineering
  • Diary Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Electronics Engineering
  • Industrial Engineering
  • Information Technology
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Mining Engineering
  • Production Engineering
  • Sound Engineering
  • Textile Engineering

Education

Entertainment

Factory

Films

Government


Industry 4.0


  • Industry 4.0 - Adoption

  • Industry 4.0 - Consultant Reports

  • Industry 4.0 - Employment Issues

  • Industry 4.0 - Government Regulations

  • Industry 4.0 - Implementation Road Map

  • Industry 4.0 - Productivity

  • Industry 4.0 - SMEs

  • Industry 4.0 - Use Cases and Applications


Logistics


Management Areas

Construction Management
Cost
Information Systems
Logistics
Maintenance
Manufacturing
Marketing
Operations
Quality
Sales
Strategy
Supply Chain
Warehousing

Retailing

Services

Smart Products - Design, Manufacturing, Marketing

Smart Products - Various Products

Smart Cities


Technologies for Industry 4.0


  • a) Autonomous Robots,
  • b) Simulations and Forecasting Techniques
  • c) Vertical/Horizontal Software Integration
  • d) Industrial Internet of Things – IoT
  • e) Direct communication between machines
  • f) Internet of Services
  • g) Big data and analytics
  • h) Innovative methods of collecting and processing large amounts of data, including
  • the use of potential activities in the cloud (Clouds)
  • i) Additive Manufacturing
  • j) Augmented Reality – AR
  • k) Virtual Reality – VR
  • l) Cyber-Physical Systems – CPS
  • m) Digital Twin
  • n) Artificial Intelligence,
  • o) Neural Networks
  • p) Cybersecurity
  • q) Mass Customization
Transport

University 4.0


Engineering Colleges in India

Sunday, November 18, 2018

PhD Thesis on Mahatma Gandhi. Pandit Deemdayal. Ram Manohar Lohia and Other Indian Thinkers


Thesis available on shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in

Upload Date Title Researcher Guide(s)

14-May-2018 Ram Manohar Lohias vision of socialism and its relevance today Kamla Devi Sharma Vijay
20-Nov-2017 Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaay ke vyaktitva evam kratitva ka vishleshnatmak Adhyaan Gurjar, Satendra Singh Bajpai, Abha
27-Aug-2013 Vartman bharatiya rashtriya parivesh mein Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay ke shaikshik vicharon ka alochanatmak adhyayan (वर्तमान भारतीय राष्ट्रीय परिवेश में पं. दीनदयाल उपाध्याय के शैक्षिक विचारों का आलोचनात्मक अध्ययन) Tiwari, Babulal Verma, J L
5-Aug-2014 Pandit deendayal uppadhyaye ke tatva vichar praman vichar evm shaikshik praroop ka vartman bhartiya sandarbh main upadeyta ka adhyyan Gupta, Geetu Sindhu, Lovelata
10-Nov-2016 Socio_political and economic ideas of Deendayal Upadhyaya _ a study of integral humanism Kumar, Suresh Kapoor, Suneera
9-Nov-2016 Pandit Dindayal upadhyay yanchya ekatma manavavadacha chikitsak abhyas Patil Pradeep Baswaraj Dr Pole K P

10-Jan-2018 Perception programme and prospect of Bharatiya Janata party Dash, Suprita Pattanaik, D D

18-Oct-2016 Lohia and his concept of socialism Godara, Parveen Kar, G K
30-Jan-2017 Hindutva ideology and politics A A, Parvathy Rodrigues, Valerian

26-Nov-2014 Indian nationalism : the post Indira Gandhi era Yadav, Muneshwar Hasan, Zoya
4-Jul-2014 Delhi Pradesh Jana Sangh: a study of ideology and organisation Puri, Geeta Khan, Rasheeduddin

11-Apr-2016 Crisis in Indian democracy and gandhian alternative Jain, Vaishali Sharma, M L
11-Apr-2016 Study of hindu right wing in Punjab a case study of Rashtriya Swyamsevak Sangh from 1935 to 1984 Deep Singh, Kanwar Chander Lochan, Rajiv

7-Apr-2014 Majoritarianism and Indian nationhood: a study of the Hindu nationalist discourse Parthasarthy, Malini Mahajan, Gurpreet; Hasan, Zoya

Tuesday, November 13, 2018

Make In India - Progress and Programmes 2018 - 19




14 November 2018
Make in India and India's Effort to Develop Manufacturing are Feasible. Arvind Panagariya - The Times of India, 14 November 2018

The global market in merchandise exports today is approximately $15 trillion.  Share of India in these exports is only 1.6%. China increased its share in exports from 4% in 2000 to 12%. Can't India increase its share to 5%? So there is good opportunity for India to export its manufactured goods.

According to Panagariya, the world has a more liberalised market in goods now as liberalisation has taken place under the Uruguay Round Agreement during 1995 to 2005 and much of it remains intact.


13 November

Orissa - Make in Orissa Meet starts with a good first day.

Rs. 1.38 lakh crores interest was declared.

http://odishasamaya.com/business/huge-investment-of-1-38-lakh-crores-by-industry-big-wigs-like-ambani-tata-etc/104824/






http://www.apiic.in/


Make in India - 2 Year Discussion on DD News
_________________

_________________
Uploaded on 28 September 2016


1 August 2016


Jobs in Smartphone Industry - India
Source: www.linkedin.com/hp/update/6163290074420219904  via NMapp

13 July 2016

Cabinet approved a 12,000 crore plan for skilling one crore people in four years.
http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-government-allocates-rs-12000-crore-to-skill-1-crore-people-over-4-years-2234149

11 July 2016
Modi Government is undertaking structural reforms - CRISIL
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/modi-government-not-repairing-but-replacing-economy-with-better-structure-crisil/articleshow/53155038.cms



22 June 2016
Government approved a Rs 6,000 crore special package for textiles & apparel sector to create one crore new jobs in 3 years, attracting investments of $11 billion and generating $30 billion in exports.
http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/cabinet-approves-fiscal-incentives-for-textile-sector-116062200467_1.html
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cabinet-brief-on-textiles/article8760243.ece
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/CITI-hails-government-initiative-for-job-creation-in-garment-sector/articleshow/52873846.cms


Make in India, job creation & railways: 12 key decisions taken by Modi govt on 25 May 2016.
http://www.msn.com/en-in/news/newsindia/make-in-india-job-creation-and-railways-12-key-decisions-taken-by-modi-govt-today/ar-BBtsMOa?


Centre clears Rs 17,300 crore worth investment proposals in electronics sector
18 May 2016
http://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/make-in-india-centre-clears-rs-17300-crore-worth-investment-proposals-in-electronics-sector/52329138




Annual Reports - DIPP
http://dipp.nic.in/English/Publications/Annual_Reports/AnnualReport_Eng_2013-14.pdf


Updated 1 August 2016,13 July 2016,  26 June, 25 May,  24 May 2016

Deendayal Upadhyaya - Biography and Philosophy




Shri Narendra Modiji at Deenadayalji Smarak, Mathura

_______________

_______________


Remembering Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya - DD
_______________

_______________




Date of Birth  25 September 1916

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya  (September 25, 1916 - February 11, 1968) was a was one of the most important leaders of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the party that got transformed into the present day Bharatiya Janata Party.















He was born in the village of Nagla Chandrabhan in Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh. lost his parents during childhood and he was then brought up by his maternal uncle.  He  matriculated from Sikar. He stood first in the board exam and the then ruler, Maharaja Kalyan Singh of Sikar, presented him with a gold medal, a monthly scholarship of 10 rupees and an additional 250 rupees towards his books, as recognition of his merit.  He completed his intermediate at the Birla College in Pilani  He graduated in first division from Sanatan Dharma College, Kanpur in 1939 and joined St. John's College, Agra to pursue a master's degree in English literature. He was unable to appear for the final year exam on account of a cousin's illness. His maternal uncle persuaded him to sit for the Provincial Services Exam, which he passed and he was selected after an interview. He chose not to join the Provincial services, as he was fascinated with the idea of working with the common man. Upadhyay, therefore, left for Prayag to pursue a B.T. He earned his B.T. from Prayag, but decided not to enter a job. After completing his education and second-year training in the RSS Education Wing,  Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya became a lifelong pracharak of the RSS.


His love for studies increased manifold after he entered public service. His special areas of interest were sociology and philosophy, seeds of which were sown during his student days.

In Sociology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya advocated sociology of cooperation.


In 1951, when Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee founded the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Deendayal became the first general secretary of its Uttar Pradesh branch. Then he became all-India general secretary. After Dr. Mookerjee's death in 1953, the entire burden of nurturing the orphaned organisation and building it up as a nation-wide movement fell on the shoulders of Deendayal. For 15 years, he remained the outfit's general secretary and built it up, brick by brick. He raised a band of dedicated workers imbued with idealism and provided the entire ideological framework of the outfit.

Deendayal Upadhyaya was found dead in the early hours of February 11, 1968, while traveling in a train.

A CBI publication states that he was pushed out of the train by two persons who tried to steal his bag at 7 pm on 10 February (http://cbi.nic.in/coffeetable/7.pdf)

25 September 2014
Make in India campaign is being launched across India on the occasion of birthday of Deen Dayal Upadhyay.



References

Yug Drashta Pandit Deendayal Upadyaya - Charitra va Darshan in Marathi
D. V. Aserkar
1999
Deen Dayal Prerana Kendra, Thane




Philosophy of Deendayal Upadhyaya


Deen Dayal Upadhyay - Integral Humanism - Part 1

Quotes of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya

http://deendayalupadhyaya.org/home.html

---------------------------------------


Deendayal Upadhyaya -   Economic Policy Prescriptions


My argument  is that the policy prescriptions made by Shri Deendayal in his lecture entitled “Economic Structure Suited to National Genius” are logical and can be applied without any great obstacles. No doubt as Shri Deendayal himself points out every economic action based on policy guidelines has to be undertaken based on socio-economic cost benefit analysis. The action has to be based on facts we call data and analysis that tells us that there is economic benefit to the society.

The important points made are:

1. The economic system must help in the development of every human being (who is born ignorant and helpless) into God-like being (Divine being). As we know, each of us start as an infant and become a person like sanyasi who desires less from the people around but does lot for the society. No doubt in the last stages of life, most of the persons may not be able to do anything. That is why people have to start helping others as soon as possible and increase the quantity to the highest level when they have the energy in their body.

2. Economic system of the nation has to be designed to provide all human necessities of the population and goods and services required to protect the nation from aggressors. In addition to these,  there has to be objective of helping people of other nations also.

3. Production system has to understand the limitation of the nature and only milk it and leave it in an able state to provide future generations also the resources. The biodiversity in nature that keeps certain desirable properties of the nature in proper quantities has to be understood and preserved.

4. In the production system only a limited number work and they have to provide all the facilities to the remaining population. Children, old people, housewives have to be provided all the facilities required by employed persons. So the system has to recognize that people with ability, work and provide to all. A man works not only for his bread alone, but also to provide for the needs of all others who are dependent on him.

5. Education is compulsory for all children. The economic system has to involve both family members and society to see to it that children are provided with adequate education. Education is a social responsibility along with it being the responsibility of parents.

6. Adequate medical facilities have to be there in the economic system and even free medical treatment has to be provided.

7. Everybody who wants to work must find employment in the economic system.

8. Capital formation has to take place and it will be good if every person can see the capital that is formed due to his effort. When the capital formed due to a person is credited to his account only, he will not feel that he is being exploited by people creating capital. Therefore a system is to be designed that accumulates  a certain amount of capital in the account of every person who is working.

9. We have to employ machines to the extent we relieve workers from the burden and increase productivity. Machines should not replace labour and make them unemployed. Buying and installing machines have to be planned in such a way that they do not displace existing workers. New employment must come up with new investment as needed by the society.

10. Seven ‘M’s are to be properly understood and employed optimally in the production system. These are 1. Man  2. Material 3. Money  4. Management  5. Motive power  6. Market and 7. Machine.

11. The ownership of capital can be with the state, individuals or any other entity based on pragmatic or economic analysis.

12. Swadeshi and Decentralization are the two words that characterise the economic system to be designed for India.

Swadeshi means increase or improvement of all parameters of our Swadesh. Some of these  parameters are GDP, National Income, Per capita income, literacy rate, life expectancy etc. Decentralization of power of allocating resources is required to ensure effectiveness and also efficiency. According to my studies, India needs to invest Rs. 55 lakh crore in 2016-2017. This means on an average investment of Rs. 10,000 crore has to take place in every parliamentary constituency. Lok Sabha members are the representatives of people interacting with the political executive as well as public administrative service executives. They have to take up the task of facilitating this investment target in the constituency. They have to arrange for interactive sessions with other representatives of people, mayors, municipal chairmen, panchayat presidents, local organizations belonging to agriculture, industry, services,  academicians and researchers to identify investment opportunities and set up organizations to increase production of goods and services. There is clear existing  opportunity for MPs and MLAs to take initiative and guide development in a decentralized manner in the country. I think, as a part of NITI Ayog budget, each MP is given say Rs. One crore per year to organize development related seminars and publish its proceedings in print, broadcast and online media. Such an activity makes discussion related to development a local issue and people come to know of their role in providing themselves with goods and services through various special organizations and their family production units.

Deendayalji concluded his lecture by saying that we have to revitalize our culture to make it dynamic and in tune with the times (Yuganukul) so that our society is enabled to live a healthy, progressive and purposeful life. We have to produce such institutions as will kindle a spirit of action in us.

Let us turn our attention to analytical imperatives suggested by Deendayalji.

Machine: A machine developed internally or imported must provide economic return. Machines have to be brought only after proper economic analysis that indicates adequate expected profit.

Idle machine is losing proposition to an industrialist. Similarly idle manpower is losing proposition to the society. Full employment of all willing people of the society has to be the primary objective of economic planning and technology choices have to be made with full employment as a constraint. There has to be advance planning for the skills required for the technologies to be implemented. You should not keep your recently acquired machines idle because required skilled manpower is not there. You should not bring foreign technicians.

Availability of raw materials has to be assessed and then only investment decisions are made to optimally utilize available resources.

Capital formation has to be planned. Available capital has to be appropriately allocated to fixed capital and working capital.

Economic energy forms are to be used based on their availability. Energy productivity analysis is to be done and energy input has to be minimized.

We have to educate and  develop managers/leaders.  If we cannot develop people who can coordinate at least a dozen people, all other resources remain underutilized and we will underperform other nations.

Good understanding of the consumers’ requirements has to be there in the economic system. The economic analysis has to be based on the preferences indicated by the people.

Bharatiya technology has to be developed. Technology suited to optimal utilization of our resources subject to the constraint of full employment of persons with the desire to work is Bharatiya technology. Swadeshi ideal demands that we develop and employ Bharatiya technology.

I feel the policy prescriptions made by the proponents of Ekatma Manav Darshan are practical and productive.  We need to apply them in our economic practice at microeconomic level and ask the representatives of people and the politicians in government to implement them in macroeconomic decision making. It is only through writing memorandums and engaging in dialogue process that we can enrich the economic thought based on Ekatma Manav Darshan and also come across difficulties likely to come up during implementation.


New
Suggestions for Implementing the 12 Prescriptions


1. The economic system must help in the development of every human being (who is born ignorant and helpless) into God-like being (Divine being). As we know, each of us start as an infant and become a person like sanyasi who desires less from the people around but does lot for the society. No doubt in the last stages of life, most of the persons may not be able to do anything. That is why people have to start helping others as soon as possible and increase the quantity to the highest level when they have the energy in their body.

Suggestion for Implementation

In the society it is to be emphasized that every individual has to take care of self interest as well as social interest. Man is a social animal because he takes care of social interest.  As a consumer, every many takes care of self interest as well as social interest. He maximizes a combination of self interest and social interest.

2. Economic system of the nation has to be designed to provide all human necessities of the population and goods and services required to protect the nation from aggressors. In addition to these,  there has to be objective of helping people of other nations also.

Suggestion for Implementation

Every year, the GDP of the country is analysed and shortages are identified and actions are initiated to make corrections in the next year.

3. Production system has to understand the limitation of the nature and only milk it and leave it in an able state to provide future generations also the resources. The biodiversity in nature that keeps certain desirable properties of the nature in proper quantities has to be understood and preserved.

Suggestion for Implementation

A measure of the degradation of the nature is developed, measured and reported so that we understand when there significant degradation and take steps to alter production and consumption.

4. In the production system only a limited number work and they have to provide all the facilities to the remaining population. Children, old people, housewives have to be provided all the facilities required by employed persons. So the system has to recognize that people with ability, work and provide to all. A man works not only for his bread alone, but also to provide for the needs of all others who are dependent on him.

Suggestion for Implementation

The salary structures of individuals have to reflect his obligation to his family members and to the society.

5. Education is compulsory for all children. The economic system has to involve both family members and society to see to it that children are provided with adequate education. Education is a social responsibility along with it being the responsibility of parents.

Suggestion for Implementation
Education allowance is specified in the salary structures of people so that as parents they realize the obligation to spend it on their child's education.

6. Adequate medical facilities have to be there in the economic system and even free medical treatment has to be provided.

Suggestion for Implementation 
Medical services are given special emphasis in GDP analysis

7. Everybody who wants to work must find employment in the economic system.

Suggestion for Implementation

8. Capital formation has to take place and it will be good if every person can see the capital that is formed due to his effort. When the capital formed due to a person is credited to his account only, he will not feel that he is being exploited by people creating capital. Therefore a system is to be designed that accumulates  a certain amount of capital in the account of every person who is working.

Suggestion for Implementation
Workers can be made financial capital owners through various schemes. Some workers or technicians even today become capital owners by producing some equipment and giving it on rent (hire purchase or lease). Like bonus, we can create capital component in compensation.

9. We have to employ machines to the extent we relieve workers from the burden and increase productivity. Machines should not replace labour and make them unemployed. Buying and installing machines have to be planned in such a way that they do not displace existing workers. New employment must come up with new investment as needed by the society.

Suggestion for Implementation
Allow Industry 4.0 Technology in New Units in Backward Locations
Allow building new plants with Industry 4.0 Technology in backward industrial locations up to a cumulative capacity of 10%
Remove the Idea of Job Losses
http://guide-india.blogspot.com/2018/07/allow-industry-40-technology-in-new.html

10. Seven ‘M’s are to be properly understood and employed optimally in the production system. These are 1. Man  2. Material 3. Money  4. Management  5. Motive power  6. Market and 7. Machine.

Suggestion for Implementation
In the economic system, research and education in science, engineering and  management of each resource used in the economy has to take place. It is a service in the economy and it has to happen adequately.

11. The ownership of capital can be with the state, individuals or any other entity based on pragmatic or economic analysis.

Suggestion for Implementation
The role of private individuals, state (social action at control institution level), and cooperatives (social productive institutions) has to be recognized and various types of organizations are to be used appropriately. Management models and practices are to be developed for each type of ownership.

12. Swadeshi and Decentralization are the two words that characterise the economic system to be designed for India.


Swadeshi
Suggestion for Implementation
Focus on India: 20 Trillion Dollar Economy  by 2047


Decentralization
Suggestion for Implementation
Constituency Domestic Product - Role of MPs and MLAs in CDP Growth









Economic Ideas of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya

Front Cover
Deep and Deep PublicationsJan 1, 1999 - 167 pages










https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Y6BuFhAGQtYC
----------------------------------------

Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Ideology & Preception - Part 3: Political Thought
B K Kelkar

Suruchi Prakashan, 2014 - India - 160 pages
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4ig5DwAAQBAJ

Biography of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya 


BACKGROUNDER by Ministry of Culture


Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya was born on September 25, 1916, in the village of Dhankia in Rajasthan. He lost his father, Bhagwati Prasad, when he was less than three years old and his mother before he was eight. He was then brought up by his maternal uncle. Deendayal was outstanding in his studies and stood first in examinations. He won a number of prizes and scholarships. While he was a student at Sanatan Dharma College, Kanpur he joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (R.S.S.). Although he qualified as a teacher, he did not take to teaching profession. Instead, he dedicated himself to full-time work in RSS from 1942.

 Deendayal Upadhyaya was a man of soaring idealism and had a tremendous capacity for organization. He started a montly magazine “Rashtra Dharma”, a weekly ‘Panchajanya’, and a daily ‘Swadesh’.  In 1951, when Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee founded the Bhartiya Jana Sangh, Deendayal became the first General Secretary of its U.P. branch. He was also chosen as All India General Secretary. The acumen and meticulousness shown by Deendayal deeply impressed Dr. Mookerjee and elicited his famous remarks “If I had two Dendayals, I could transform the political face of India”.

 After Dr. Mookerjee’s death in 1953, the entire burden of nurturing the orphaned organization and building it up as a nation-wide movement fell on the young shoulders of Deendayal. For 15 long years he remained the party’s General Secretary and built it up, brick by brick.  He raised a band of dedicated workers imbued with idealism and provided the entire ideological framework of the party.  The final triumph of his statesmanship and vision was the historic session of the Party in 1967.

Deendayal was a deep and original thinker.  His philosophy of Integral Humanism, which is a synthesis of the material and the spiritual, the individual and the collective, bears eloquent testimony to this.  In the field of politics and economics, he was pragmatic and down to earth.  He visualized for India a decentralized polity and self-reliant economy with the village as the base.  He welcomed modern technology but wanted it to be adapted to suit Indian requirements.  Deendayal believed in a constructive approach. He exhorted his followers to co-operate with the Government when it was right and fearlessly oppose when it erred.

 He placed the nation’s interests above everything else.  Deendayal Upadhyaya was found dead in the early hours of February 1, 1968, while traveling in a train.  The rousing call he gave to the thousands of delegates in the Calicut session, still rings in their ears

 “We are pledged to the service not of any particular community or section but of the entire nation.  Every countryman is blood of our blood and flesh of our flesh.  We shall not rest till we are able to give to everyone a sense of pride that they are children of Bharatmata.  We shall make Mother India sujala, suphala (overflowing with water and laden with fruits) in the real sense of these words.  As Dashapraharana Dharini Durga (Goddess Durga with her ten weapons) she would be able to vanquish evil; as Lakshmi she would be able to disburse prosperity all over and as Saraswati she would dispel the gloom of ignorance and spread the radiance of knowledge all around her.  With faith in ultimate victory, let us dedicate ourselves to this task”.

 http://pib.nic.in/newsite/backgrounders.aspx?relid=127193

Lectures of Deendayalji on Integral Humanism

http://www.bjp.org/about-the-party/philosophy?u=integral-humanism


Encyclopaedic Bibliography of the World Economists
Global Vision Pub House
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dFkNaBeAG9QC


Updated   23 October 2017, 25 September 2017   5 March 2016,20 Jan 2016,  1 Oct,  25 Sep, 29 April, 27 April 2015

First Published  24 Sep 2014




SEMINAR ON   “EKATMA MANAV DARSHAN AS A PRACTICAL ALTERNATIVE”

In view of the birth centenary year of Pt. Deendayal Upadhyaya, (Propounder of Ekatma Manav-vad), Deendayal Prerana Kendra and Ekatma Prabodh Mandal had organized a seminar on Ekatma Manav Darshan.

Theme: EKATMA MANAV DARSHAN AS A PRACTICAL ALTERNATIVE

Place: SHRIRAM VYAYAMSHALA HALL, OPP.GADAKARI RANGAYATAN, THANE WEST

Time: WEDNESDAY, 10TH FEBRUARY 2016, 4.30 TO 7.45 PM

Session 1:

Ekatma Manav Darshan & Capitalism by Dr. KVSS Narayana Rao

Video of the Talk

______________________

______________________



Full Text of the Talk
http://guide-india.blogspot.com//2016/01/ekatma-manav-darshan-alternative-to.html


Session 2: Ekatma Manav Darshan & Globalization by Dr. Varadraj Bapat
Session 3: Ekatma Manav Darshan – In Practice by Dilip Kelkar
Session 4: Samarop: DR. SATISH MODH,  Director, Vivekanand Institute of Mgt, Chembur

DEENDAYAL PRERANA KENDRA 2/27 Kalpana Sahaniwas, Sahyog Mandir Path, Naupada, Thane (W)

EKATMA PRABODH MANDAL (Activity of Ekatma Vikas Samiti, Public Trust) B105 Vatsalyadeep, Krantiveer Phadke Marg, Mulund East, Mumbai 400081 Tel: 25639654, Email: ekatmaprabodh at the rate gmail.com


Ekatma Chintan JanaChetana Udyam


Government of India has opportunity to take up this initiatve and spread the unity message among all Indians as part of Deendayal SataJayanti Celebrations.

Deendayalji advocated environmental consciousness in 1965 itself.

I request Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi to fund an initiative and provide a platform for sustained propagation of Deendayalji's ideas. Social organization working to implement Deendayalji's ideas will actively participate in such an initiative and leverage the platform provided by the Government to spread the message all over India in an indepth way.

My request to Shri Narendra Modi posted in Google+ community in his message
https://plus.google.com/+NarendraModi/posts/iChGcsQegrM

Dear Sir
Announce
Ekatma Chintan JanaChetana Udyam

Government of India has opportunity to take up this initiatve and spread the unity message among all Indians as part of Deendayal SataJayanti Celebrations.

Deendayalji advocated environmental consciousness in 1965 itself. Provide a platform for sustained propagation of Deendayalji's ideas

Updated  14 November 2018,  23 October 2017, 24 September 2017

What is there in Matsya Puran - Contents of Matsya Pura



THE MATSYA PURANAM








TABLE OF CONTENTS.


1.—Benediction. At the end of the Ion# sacrifice, Saunaka and other
Riyis engaged in holy conversation asked Sutta, well versed in
Pauranic lores, the cause of the Lord assuming the form of a fish,
• how did Mahadeva become Bhairava and Pur&ri and for what
reason did he become a mendicant. At that Suta told Saunaka
and other Rishis  the reason of the Lord assuming the form of
a fish and the meeting of Matsya and Mann

2.—Then being ordained by the Lord, Mann tying his boat to the
tentacles of the divine fish, using the serpent as rope, and saluting
Janardana after the deluge was over, seated on the boat asked
the Lord, who was in the form of the fish, the origin and the end of
the Universe and the Laws of Gift and tirdddka and about the
division of caste, etc. At that the Lord Narayana  told him the
origin of the Universe and its end;

 3. -Manu’a question to Matsya as to how the Lord Brahma  became
four-faced and how did he create the Universe. Then the origin
from Brahma of the Veda and the origin of Marichi, the ten
mental ones, and the origin of Daksha, the ten corporal ones, as
told by Matsya, and the appearane of the five faces of Brahma in
order to see the beauty of 6atar$p& and the narration of the origin
of Swayumbhu and others

4.-The description of the 1st creation. Absence of sin on the part of
Brahma by going to his own daughter, Manu’s question to
Matsya as to the advisability of the marriage relations between
Sagotras and their children. Matsya's answer to the effect that
It does not tend to the welfare of mankind in discussing the
propriety or otherwise of the actions and conduct of gods. Then
Brahmi, who was ashamed on account of this incestuous connection with his daughter, cursed Kamadeva that he should be ere long
turned into ashes by Mahadeva. Being pleased with his solicitations
he gave him a boon that he would be born again. Then Manu's
production of Yamadeva and others in SatrQpfts. From Vamadeva
the origin of Br&hraanas. Then the production of Prfyavrata and
Uttanap&da in his wife Ananti by Manu of austere penance. From
Uttanap&cla the birth of Dhruva by his wife Sunitfi. The attainment
of the boon of getting a fixed place by Brahmfi as a result of his*
penances lasting for three thousand years. Dhrua produced
a virtuous son in the daughter of Manu Dhanya. bisU produced
Krip&di through Suehaya, daughter of Agm. The begetting of
Daksa by the ten Prachetas in Man?a, the daughter of Moon.
Then the narration of the birth of 80 crores of beings...

6.—The description of the birth of gods and others. Then I>a&§a r
seeing the final journey undertaken his thousand sons by
advice of N&rada, produced on Panctgayi. He produced another
thousand sons known as bhavala. They, too, went the path ofeherr
brothers at N&rada’s instigations Then after that he Produced
sixty daughters and gave them to Ttfiarma and others. Then the
birth of KArfcikeya in the clumps of reed. Andthe description
of the birth of all the different gods from those girls ...





 6,—The description of Kasyapa’s family


7. —The birth of sons of Ditis known as Marutas. There at Siawant-
panchak, on the banks of Saraswati, Diti, whose sons were killed
practising austere penances, in order to get sons performed in
due rites the vrata of Madan Dwfidaai. By virtue of the vrata
Lord Kasyapa appeared and offered her a boon. At that Diti
asked for sons who would be killers of Indra and afllictors of all
devas . Kasyapa too, according to his vow, gave her the desired
boon. Indra, hearing about Kasyapa’s boon,to Diti, feigning to
serve her mother and finding a loop-hole, viz,, that she went to sleep
without washing her feet, entered the womb of Diti and cut her
son by vajra into seven parts and again cut each of those parts into
seven parts. Then determining that, by the virtue of the greatness
of Krisna piijd, she cannot be killed, appeased the awakened
mother, saying * Don’t weep,’ Let the Marutas become the partici¬
pators of sacrifice and taking Diti on an aerial car went to Heaven
along with Maruta and others ... ... ... ...

8. —Treats of the anointment for kingship. Then Brahma, in the sover¬
eignty of the earth, made Chandramfi the lord of medicinal herbs,
sacrifices, fasts and penances; stars, planets, Brahmanas, trees,
thickets and creepers ; Varuna of waters; Kubera of wealth; Visnu
of all suns; Fire of all vasus ;* Daksa of, prajapati; Indra of wind;
Prahlfida of demons; Yama of manes; Siva of demons and others;
the Himalayas of mountains ; the Ocean of waters ; Cbitraratha of
gundJuxrvas and others; Yasuka of serpents; Takfaka of other
snakes; Airfivata of elephants ; the Peacock of birds; tfcbaisravA
of korsos; the Lion of other beasts ; the Bull of the cows ; and the
Trees of the herbs. The devas Sadharma, Sankhapada, KefcumAna
and Hiranyaromana were made kings of all four directions, east,
south, west and north respectively. They still protect the uni¬
verse by ruling over the directions by destroying the enemies ...

9. —Tho description of Manvantara. The order of names of those sons,..

10. —The description of Vena family. As Vena, the son of Sunelha, the

daughter of Mrityu of AngaPrajApati, was engaged in sinful deeds,
the sages in order to bring about law and order approached him,
but when the king did not pay heed to their counsel they killed
him by their curse and being afraid of anarchy, the sinless Brah¬
manas churned his body by force. By churning his body the
races of Mlechhas, came out of bis body black as soot being the
portion of evil qualities of his mother; and from the portion of
his father appeared the right hand with great difficulty a most
brilliant heavenly figure armed with how and arrow and club of
the name of Prithu. Being anointed by the Brahmanas he prac¬
tised severe austerities and by the blessings of Vishnu became
most powerful. Seeing the earth devoid of all righteous deeds
Ppithu prepared himself to burn her by his anger and who trem¬
bling took the form of a cow and began to run. She stopped and
asked what to do. The king making Swayarrbhu Manu as the
calf milked the cow with his own hands of the desired-for grains
for all the world, moving or fixed. Then the description of
how the sages milked the earth using the moon as the calf. ... 

11. —The description of the meeting of Budha in the history of the lunar
and solar races, Raini, the daughter of Vivaswat a Raivat a brought
forth Raivata, Prabha gave birth to Prabhfit, Samjui, the daughter
of ViaVakarraa, became the mother of Manu. She also gave birth
to Yama and YamunS, who were twins. Then Sarojni, unable to
bear the power of the Sun, producing one lady from her body known
as Chhdyd and directing her to stay near him went away elsewhere.

The Sun mistaking her to be Samjiia satisfied his desires. He
produced from her Sfivarni Manu of the same Varna and Sani and
Tapati and Visti. Then Yama seeing that she pays more attention
to her sons becoming angry threw a kick on his mother. Learning
from the lips of Twastra that this is Chhdya and hearing SamjnA
came to was in the form of VadawA, uncalled and stayed in* the
country of Maru he being passionate going there in the form of a
horse enjoyed with her. Sam jo A doubting that he was some one
else threw his semen through her nostrils, Tho two Asvinis were
born out of that seed. Vaivasata Mana had ten powerful sons,
Iksw&ku and others, out of whom Ila, in order to win the, whole
earth, visited all the countries and reached the garden of Samhhu
and was transformed into a woman by the nurse of Siva. Budha,
the son of the Moon, looks at her while wandering in the forest
and desires te marry. She, too, lived with him for long.

 12.— 1 The brothers of Ila set out in search of the king and reaching the
hermitage of Budha saw the horse ; “the splendour of the Mem”
turned into a mare, and hearing the,cause from the lips of Vasistha
began to please Siva. The Lord Siva said that if the Iksw&ku
performed the Aswamedha sacrifice he would become a Klmpurusa.

They performed the sacrifice and Ila became a Kirapurusa. For
one month assuming the form of a woman and for another that of
man and staying in the house of Budha, Ila became pregnant.
Purftrava became the increaser of the lunar dynasty. Ila came to
be called Sudumna after Kimprusa and from her were born three
sons Utkala and others. He crowning Purftrava in Pratisthana
went to Ilavrlta to enjoy the glory of the race of the sun ... 88-89

18.- The description of tho family of Vairaja Pitpis. In those regions
there were a group of three incorporeal and four corporeal
beings. The Yirajas disturbed in their Yoga practices attained
Sanatana (old) regions and at the end of Brahma’s day will again
become Brahnrvadins. They having attained &dnkhya-Y oga
obtained success in which there is no possibility of rebirth.

Then follows the account that yogis should be fed by offerers at
s rdddha. Then follows the narration of the birth of two sons
of Menakfi and Krauucha of Himalaya born of Manasis daughter
of the Pitpis and of Mena three daughters were born, Uma, Eka-
parna and Aparnft, who were devoted to the practices of Yoga and
respectively married to Rudra, Sita and Jaigisavya. Then in the
sacrifice of Daksa his daughter Sati not finding her husband
invited among the hosts of gods asked why her husband was not
called, was answered by Daksa that ho was not considered
worthy of being invited in the sacrifice as he is the source of
all evil being, the author of destruction. Hearing that, out of
anger desirous of destroying the body which she owed to him and
cursing him, “You will be the only son of ten Pitpls and as a
Ksattriya you will obtain destruction at the hand of Rudra in a
horse sacrifice.” Having recourse to Yogic power she consumed
liersolf through her own Fire and Daksa approaching her said
“What is this” ? “Bo pleased” O omniscient one You should not
leave me.” Thus requested by Daksa she said. “ What I havo
begun I must accomplish, you should practise penance near rao
after your sacrifice is destroyed by Siva in order to please mo
you will be born of tho ten Prajapatis and then out of my parts
sixty daughters will be born to you.” She then said to Daksa “By
practising penance near me you will visit the several manifesta¬
tions named Vis&Uksi and 107 others in 108 places such as
V&r&n&si, etc., and by this you will obtain excellent Yona } Then
follows the 108 names of Gaurl ... ... ... 50-45

14.—The description of the family of Agnisvdtta Pitris. Then the birth
0 f Amfivasya (New Moon). Achhoda, the daughter of the Pltris
practising penance for a thousand divine years saw tho Pitpis
corae to her for granting her boon being pleased with her penance
and being overcome by passion desired Arafivasya. Fallen from
her penance by this sinful desire and being ashamed and with hor
faeo downcast desired all the Pitris. The Pitris thus solicited
granted her boons in these words. “Acting unlike the scion of a
Mtri* you will be born in the world of the mortals as the daughter
of tho King Vasu and marrying Par£sara you will get a son named
Badr&yana. He will divide one Veda into several parts, and bear¬
ing two Ksetraja sons Chitrfiugada and VichitravTrya, to King
Sfintanu, a part of the sea and of tho family of Purus. You will
be known as Prausthapadi a§taki in the Pit pi ioka and Satyavati on
earth *•* *•* • «» ... 43-44





Chapter 15.—Tiie description of tho family of Barhisa Pitris. Then their
daughter named Pivari while practising penance seeing the
Lord who being pleased had come to her to offer a boon wanted
a husband who would be possessed of Yoga f beauty and able to
curb his^assions. Then the Lord granted her a boon in these
words % *fc>uka, master of Yoga , son of Vy&sa will be your husband
and from him you will get a daughter, named Kritvi possessed of
Yogic virtues, and will be the wife of the King of the PauchSla,
and the mother of Brahmadatta. Krisna, Gaura, Prabhu and
Bambini will be your sons, yon will obtain moksa with your hus¬
band'after giving birth to these children.In the solar world
there are tho regions called Mariebigarbhas where reside the
Havism£was, the Pitris of kings, or tnese K&alriya Pitris,

Yasodff was the Manat a daughter, she was the wife of
Amsumana, who was the son of Panchajana. She became
famous as the mother of Dilipa and grandmother of Bhagiratha.

The description of the Pitris runs on. Then the description of
silver plates, etc,, which’the Pitris were fond of. Then the
mention of Masur, hemp and black mustard, etc., which are to !
be avoided in a srdddha ... ... ... ... 44-49






" 16.-—The ceremony of s rdddha. Then Manu, hearing the description of
the Pitris, asked kesava: “On what day, how and when the srdddha
is to be performed and what are the different kinds, what
Brahman as are to be fed and what are to be avoided on the srdddha
day" Then the description of the duties to be performed and
rules to be observed by the performers of srdddha and the guests
to be fed according to Matsya. Then an account of the distribu¬
tion of the balls of rice to goat, cows and Brahmanas...

* 17.-Then tho account of general auspicious ceremonies. Then the
particular days and kinds of srdddha to be performed. " Then
the various rices and the flesh of the different animals which
please the manes and the period of times. Moreover which
different portions of the Veda to be recited at the time of feast¬
ing in srdddha. Then tho right to the srdddha ceremonies of
those who are not invested with the sacred thread. In this
srdddha the worship of the Pitris to follow that of the M£tris,
and barley is to be used instead of sesame. Then the description^
of .he rights of Budras by the word * vamah \ Then the chief!
right of Budra is in gift and the fruition of all their desires is i
obtained through gift ...


18. —The description of Sapimlikarana. Then the narration of asaucha

of the four castes. Then the description of the duties begin¬
ning from the first day until the Sapindikarana ceremony.
Then the account of Lepa and Bhakfca Sapimlaship ' ... ...

19. —Then the description of the fruition of the different srdddha .

How are the havyas and havyas to be offered what huvyas are
offered to what aguis and what kavyas 'offered to what Brffhmaua
reach what Pitris in the region of Death. Also the mentio n o f
the merits obtained by the^ performers of srdddha .r .—

20. —The account of the ridicule^ of the ~ant~tfTTJtmnecti<>n with the
merit of srdddha

2!.-The description of the greatness of Pitris in connection with
the performance of srdddha. Then in that town they were born
as the sons of Sudaridra, the Brahmana and they thought of prac¬
tising penanco. Then Sudaridra prevented them by saying that to
mm ° U \t° ^ 10 fo , r . 0sfc teaming an aged father behind was no virtue,
i hen the narration by the sons of their former births. Then the
departure of the sons to the forest and the arrival of Sudaridra to
the antssation

• mlflnri h 0 r d to , l ? Ut ®? end to the parrel which had ensued,

and finding of the Lord in a dream. Meeting with the old Brahmana
s were united. Then, at Brahmadatta’s smiling, the conver-
botwoen him and Sannati. Then Brahmadatta’s remem-


next morning and in course of their mutual conversation his
remembrance of their former birth. Repenting for his fall from
yog a, giyrngt hat- Br£hroapa some gift, he dismissed him. Then
the instrfllation of VisVaksen, his son on the throce, meeting of
all at Manasa. The mention of the merits of hearing the recital
of the Pit pis... ... ... .... ... ... 66-68

Chapter £2^Theendof the description of sraddha^TYarration of the time of
doing srdddha and the result of doing Jn'dddha at the proper
time. Accounts of.ihe^greatnesaol_G^a and other holy place s ]
and also about the gods. Description of Nairaifa ^forest, afeoThe '
result of performing srfddfcri on fcheHbank^bf Sarayu, Ifavati,*
Yaraun&, Chamlrio‘ ;l/i and Ven umati. ^The narration of thel
greatness os nor h A\ and accounts of gott§7 also signs of f

the time. Sh'owhigiTh^ p^^uctl on o f kttsq and black sesamun from *
the body of Visnu, also the result of hearing and reading of the
greatness of holy places -rr;-—*-V... * 68-72

„ 28.—The accuirnt^eFthe^ault of the Moon in the narration of the lunar
dynasty. Then the description of the birth of the Moon, his
gaining superiority over the Brahmapas. Description of the Moon
getting a boon from Visnu. In the Rfijfisfiya sacrifices performed
by the Moon BrahmS, and other gods became priests. After the
conclusion of the sacrificial bath, desirous of seeing the Moon’s face
Laksmi and v other new goddesses forsaking their respective
husbands adored the Moon. Account of the fault of the Moon, and
the description of Tfira, also an account of the battle between
the Moon and isiva. The meeting of TfirS. and Brihaspati . ... 72-75

24.—Beginning of the story of Yay&ti. Then the birth of Budha from
T&r&. Then the god’s question put to Tar& “ Whose son is this ?**

On being answered that he was from the Moon, the latter ac¬
cepted him ... ... ... ... ... ' ... 76-79

25.—Kacha obtains the knowledge of the elixir of life. Kaeha goes to
Sukra in order to obtain the knowledge of the elixir of life by
the order of Indra and others. Out of spite for Kacha, and in
order to protect themselves, the demons killed Kacha, who was
grazing the cows, and gave its corpse to wolves and jackals.

Sukra brought him back to life and Kacha told him with a bow
that he was killed by the demons. Then, again, he was killed while
gathering flowers and again came to life by tearing the stomach.

Kacha learns from Sukra the knowledge of re storin g on e to life. 3
Nar< ation of t he f aults of Br&hmanas taking w ine \ ...

26 —Both Kacha and Devaylni curseeach otEeE Then a d erbate between
Kacha and Devay&ni. Devay&ni curses “You shall never accom¬
plish this knowledge of sanjivani.” Kacha curses “ No son of a
risi will accept you as his wife.” Kacha goes to heaven

f 27.—Quarrel between Sarmisthfi and Devayfini. fsarmisthfi. puts on

” * Devayfini’s jlxsss- She'throws Devay&ni into a well. Meeting

of Nahusa and Devayfini and her rescue from the well. When
Yay&ti has gone, Devayfini speaks, to Ghurnikfi. Ghurnikfi. com¬
municates the history of forest to Sukra. Sukra comes to forest.
Conversation between Sarmistha and Sukra..,... ... 85-87

28. —Talks between Sukra and Devayani. Sukra counsels Devay&ni, but

she refuses his advice ... ... ... ... 87-88

29. —Slavery of Sarmistha to Devaydni. Kavya goes to Vrisaparvan and

abuses him. Vrisaparvan says to Sufc/a as you are going away
leaving us, then I shall throw myself into the ocean. Sukra
replies “ whether you enter the ocean or not, I cannot tolerate the
insult to my daughter, so try to please my daughter.” Conversa¬
tion between Devayani and Vrisaparvan. Devayani enslaved to
fjarmistbfi. Then Sukra goes to the capital with Devay&ni ... 88-90

SO —Devay&ni’s marriage. In this connection she g es to the forest with
i . a thousand of her maids for sporting. Yay5J comes then. Their
mutual conversation. Devayanilaprayer io Yaylit‘-JEleaaejpake
me your^wife.” Devayani is gi ven away _to_ Yay&ti bySukra.

Yay4tl enfeerslhe house ... ... ... 90-02











31.—Meeting of Yayati and SarmisthA. YayAti lives in Asoka grove
making Sarmistha, the daughter of Vyisaparvana, one of his
thousand maid * servants, at the instance of DevayAni. Devayani
gets a soi.. Conversation between Sarmistha tod YayAti in the
Asoka grove. Mention of the sons of wife's maid servants as
no heir. YayAti gets a son from SarmisthA... ... .. 93-94

82.—Sukra curses YayAti. Conversation between SarmisthA and YayAti.

Yadu and Turvasu, sons of YayAti, born of DevayAni. The meeting
of the sons of DevayAni and those of SarmisthA. Conversation
between DevayAni and SarmisthA. YayAti and DevayAni go to
Sukra. - Sukra cursed Yay Ati * that he would be at once stricken
with decrepit old age. The removal of the curse to YayAti who
sought the protection of Sukra ... ... ... ... 94 96


83.Puru agrees to take upon himself his father’s senility. When Yadu
did not consent to take upon himself his father’s senility, YayAti
cursed him, “ You will be childless/’ Then YayAti curses Turvasu
who is reluctant to take upon himself his father’s decrepit old
age. A like curse to Drubya, the second son, and Ann, the third
son. The fourth, Puru, accepts his father’s old age ... .... 97-118


34— Puru installed on the throne. YayAti rules the country righteously
on the removal of his old age. The endowment of youth from
Puru. YayAti transfers the kingdom to Puru and goes out to the
forest in the company of Brahmanas ... ... , ... 99-li

35. —YayAti ascends heaven. His fall. His return to Heaven in company
with King Vasumat ... . ... ... ...100-1

36. —Conversation between Indra and Yay Ati. Narration of Indra of the
instructions imparted to Puru ... ... ... ... id

37. —Astaka speaks to YayAti when he drops from heaven on the
termination of his merits. Dialogue between Indra and YayAti and
description of master ... ... ... ...102

88—Dialogue between Astaka and YayAti. YayAti speaks to Astaka

about VedAnta. Descriptions of the enjoyments he had * * ...103-

39. —Advice to Yayati. Astaka asks YayAti why did he come to enjoy

the world while he was living in Paradise. YayAti’s reply. Account I
of the origin of body. Getting a meritorious life through merits and 1
a sinful life through sins. Account of penance and charity as means I
of attaining heaven ... ... ... ... ...Ifl(4-t0

40. —YayAti’s account of different Asramas. Distinctive features of f

Afums ... ... ... ... ... ...t()6-10£

41. —YayAti’s refusal to ascend heaven through the merits of others, i

Account of the various regions of heaven. Dialogue between
Pratardana and Yayati ... ... ... ...108-110

42. — Salvation of Yay Ati. Dialogue between Yayati, VasumAla and others 110-112


43. —Description of the glory of Yadu. KArtavirya asks four boons from

Datta. Pacifying the ocean by his thousand arms. Confinement
0t * va?a in Mahi ? A mat i- Curse against Arjuna. Description
of 100 sons of Kartavirya of whom fivo were warriors. The fruit
of uttering the birth of KArtavirya ... ... ... 112-115

44. —The story of KArtavirya and others, dditya comes to Kartavirya in

the form of a Brahmana. KArtavirya gives food to him. Apava
enters water. Description of the dynasty of King Krostu and
Vidarbha. • Chaatra became the wife of JayAmagha. JayAmacka,

SODS ’ g ?£ a victor y in war - Then getting the daughter
said to the queen through fear of her that she was a daugterdn- law
Then m due course she got a son Vidarbha by name. The fruit
of uttenng the description of the dynasty of Andhaka ... 115-120

45. —Beginning of the dynasty of Vrisni. Description of the SyAraantak

. J e ?T e1 ' Acceptance of SatyabhamA by Kfisna. Description of Ani-

mitra dynasty ... ... * ... ... 129-122


46.—Description of Vrifni dynasty. The birth of the PAndavas. ... 122423
j Chapter 47.—Sukra’s curse on Asuras. The birch of Sri Kj*isna. The names
! of 16,000 wives and sons. The description of Npisimha and, other

avatars . Sankara bom to BhArgava for his austerities. Sukra's
praise of Mahadeva. Meeting of Jayanti and iSukra. Brihaspati's
\ deception of the Asuras in disguise of KAvya. PrahlAda’s

j narration before &ikra of ohe boon given by Lord, The description

j of the doings of De^a and Asura. ... 124-139

,, 48.—The description of the dynasty of Turvasu and its followers.

Birth of Anga. Meeting of Dirghatama and Bali. The descrip¬
tion of the family of Augas. Birth of Kama, ... ... 140-148

„ 49.—Description of the family of Purus. Birth of BharadvAja from

Brihaspati. Description of the Brihatksatra family. Account
of the origin of Ugranyudha. Account of the dynasty of Ajamida 146-150

„ 50.—Continuation of the description of the family of Puru and of the

AjAmida family in this connection. Birth of JarAsandha, Descrip¬
tion of Apadhyata,and Devfipi. Description of SAnfcanu. Birth of
Devavrata from Santanu and Jahnavi. Birth of the progeny by
Krisnadvaipay&na on the wife of Chitravirya. Description of the
curse of VaisampAyana to Pariksit and of the future family of
Adhisoma Krisna ... ... ... ... ... 150-155



51. —Account of the family of Agui. The origin of Agni and its various

names. The origin of Dhisnu. • M III lt« 155-158

52. —The greatness of yoga. The excellence of Karmayoga ovej Jn£no»\

yoga . Ceremony of panchajyaim. One endowed with the 22
Propitious marks if withouTthe qualities of self has no right to
moksa. The qualities of Self ... i« ***\ 158-161

58.—The precedence of Pur Anas. Their number. The merit of making the
gift of a Pur fin a. The characteristic feature of a Pur Ana. The

distinctive marks of the excellent Porfinas. The fruit of read¬
ing and hearing the precedence of the PurAnas. ... ... 161-167

54. —The vow of Naksatra Puru$a. The fruit of that vow ... ... 170-178

55. —The vow of Aditya Sayana and its fruit. This vow was observed

even by Vasistha and others ... ... ... ... 170-172

50 —The vow of KrisnAstami. In what month Siva is to be worshipped i
by what name.* One fasting on KrisnAftami day is worshipped [
in the regions of Siva being revered by the gods for 2,100 kalpas .... 172-178

57.—The vow of Rohini Chandra Sayana. Discourse between the Lord;
and Narada. The rules for the performance of the different vows 1

.


«


The fruit of the vow
-The rules ab out tanks .


agnitfoma by giviug golden lotuses

64. —Tho vow of ArdrAnandakari TritiyA—The various ways of wor¬

shipping the goddess along with Siva

65. — Vow of Aksaya TritiyA. Its result ...

60.—The vow of Sfirasvata Description of Astatava,
of vow and its fruit

67.—The method of bathing in Solar and Lunar eclipses


The process

::: !✓::




The dimensions of sacrificial posts.

fruit of staying in th<TWater in the rainy days ... ... 175-180

-The process of consecrating a tree. Attaining of svarga by planting

trees. ... ... »*. •** ... ... 180—181

-The ordinance of SaubhAgya Sayan. Description of SaubhAgya

AstakA. The various ways of worship by married women j j ... 182-186

-Birth of Agastya. Process of his worship. Dialogue between NArada
and Mahesvara. Birth of Agastya oy tho curse of Indra on fire and
water .. ... ... ... 185-189

-Vow of Ananta TritiyA. The various ways. The fruits of vows ... 190-193

-The ordinance of RasakalyAni tritiyA. In the month of tndgha salt f
must be given up. The * narration of the fruit of a thousand I




iptarni. The process 6f ablution for
i infants and young men. The method

... 201-205


Chaptkr 68.—The ordinance of bathing on
the prevention from death
of the ritual and its fruits

„ 60.—Vow of Bhimadvadasi. The method and its fruit ... ... 2U&-209

„ C fo.- Vow of Anangadana. Women question Dalabhya the duties of prosti-

utes. The method of worshipping Kama ... ... ...209-218

.—The vow of Asunyasayanadvitiyft. The vow to be performed to
expiate sin if anybody goes to another's wife either through
cupidity or arrogance. Its method ... ... ... 213-215





71. -

72. —The vow of Ai gdraka. Dialogue between Pipplfida and Yudhisthira.

The discourse between Viroehaua and Bhfirgava. Birth of Virbha-
dra from the sweat of Mah&deva who was enraged and about to
destroy the sacrifice of Daksa. After destroying the sacrifice
when Virabhadra was going to annihilate the world he was prevent¬
ed. He became the planet Mars. The process of this vow ... 215-218

78.—The method of worshipping Brihaspati and Sukr^ ... ... 218-219

74. —The vow of Kalyana Saptaml. The worship is to be performed by

calling the sun by different names according to the quarters East,
etc. The process and its fruit ... ... ... 220-221

75. —The Visoka Saptarai vow—Its method ... ... ...221-222

76. —The Phala Saptarai vow—Its method ... ... ... 222-223

77. —The vow of Sarkar£ Saptami—Its method ... ... ... 223-225

78. —The vow of KamalS, Saptami. Its method ... ... ... 225-226

79. —The vow of Mandara Saptami.—Its method ... ... ... 22^227

80. —The vow of fembha Saptami.—Its method and the worship of a milch

cow ... ... ... ... ... ... 227-

-The vow of Visoka Dvadasi.—Its method and worship of Laksrni 228-2

The gift of Gudadhenu in the vow of Visoka Dvaclasi and the
symbolical images of cows. The preparation of the dhenu and
its presentation ... ... ... ... ... 231-2

83. —The greatness^ orf charity. Discourse between Nfirada and Sambhu. .03-104

The description of ten mountains such as hill of Dhanyasaila, hill
of gold. Praise of food ... ... ... ...233-23

84. —The description of salt hill.—Its presentation ... ... 237

85. —The description of the hill of raw sugar—The method of presenting

it ... ... ... ... ... ... 237-238

86. —The description of the mountain of gold. Its presentation ... 238

87. —The mountain of tilu .—Its origin from the body of Visnu and the

method of giving that away ... ... ...239

88. —The description of gift of the mountain of cotton. The fruit of pre¬

senting it ... ... ... ... ... ... 239

89. —The mountain of Ghjuta. The process of making the gift and the

origin of Ghfita ... ... ... ... ... 240

90. —The mountain of gems. The process of giving that away ... 240-24 t

91. —Mountains of silver.—The mountains to be made after the shape of

Visnu, BrahraA, or the Sun ... ... ... <4> 241-242

92. -Greatness of giving a mountain of Sugar and the story of Lilavati,

the prostitute ... ... ... ... ## 242-245

98.—The method of performing the homa 8'mfi ceremony of the 9 planets.

What particular offerings of raw sugar, cooked rice, etc,, to what
particular planets. The measure of fuel. The discretion
of the mantras of the different planets. The measurement of
reservoirs for a homa with ten million offerings

94. —Description of the form of the nine planets ... ...

95. —The vow of Siva Chaturdasi. Discourse between N&rada and

JVandikesvara. The method of worshipping Siva. The fruit of
reading and hearing the story of the vow ...


.

Chapter 00.—The greatness of giving up all fruits. The time when this vratu is

to commence and the process of doing it ... ... 162-263

» 97.—The Sunday ordinance. The way of worshipping Sunday, and its

fruits ... ... ... ... ... ...203-285

» ^'9 $.—The process of bringing Sankr&nti to a close. The fruit of hearing

and reading it ... ... ... ... ... 285-260

„ 99.—The ordinance of Yi?nu. The method Of Yibhdti Dv&daai Vrata ... 267-288

„ 100,—The continuation of the ordinances of Visnu. Discourse between

Puspav&hana and Prachetasa ... * * ... ... ... 268-271

„ 101.—The greatness of vrata (60 ordinances). The narration of gods

* in each vrata. The fruits of each ... ... ...271-278

„ . 102.—-The fruit and the process of taking bath. Tha^narration of the

numher -of-4**4fca*r The process of giving water to the manes
and bathing the body in order to obtain Heaven. The process of
offering water to the Sun ... ... ... ... 278-282

„ 103.—The greatness of Prayiga. M&rkandeya goes to Hastinfcpur. The

counsel of Markandeya to Yudhisfchira for going to PraySga ... 282-283 ~

, 104.—Showing the greatness of Pray&ga. The fruits of remembering

Pray&ga ... ... ... ... ... ... 283-286

106.—The result of dying at Praydga. The greatness of the gift .of the

pale-red milch cow ... ... ... ... ... 285-286

„ 106.—The difference between the result and action at Pray&ga ... 286-288

„ 107.—The different actions in the greatness of Praydga, The greatness of

/ ~ M finasa tirtha. The holy place on the north of Yamund and
} south of Prayftga where all debts are discharged ... ... 289*291

t , 108.—The fruit of fasting at Pray&ga. Dialogue between Yudhisthira and

Markandeya. The greatness of Yamund .’ ... 291-293

„ 109,—The sacredness of Pray&ga among holy places. The narration of

Somatirtha ... ... ... ... ... 293-295

„ 110.—The greatness of Praydga among all the tirthas —Its praise ... 295-296

„ 111.—End of the greatness of Pray&ga ... ... ... ... 298-297

„ 112.—The fruit of hearing the greatness of Praydga. The praise of

Pray&ga sung by Vdsudeva ... \- ... 297-298

„ 113.—Narration of Dvipa and others. Description of Jambudvipa. Its

mountains and nar^as—Showing the var§as of Himalaya and
others • •• M* ••• *** 301-Sod

„ 114.—The position and situation of Bh&rata according to Nirukta.

Description of the seven mountains, names of rivers and places.

The description of Kimpurusa and Hari Var§a ... ... 305-312

„ 116.—Pururava goes to practise penance in forest on account of his

ugliness due to a former birth. Pururava sees river Irdvati ...812-818

^ 116.—Narration of Ir&vati ... ... ... ... ,,<blu*315

9t 117. — Narration of Himalaya .»• ... ... ... ...815-310

w 118.—Narration of the hermitage on Himalaya. Description of the

hermitage of Atri ... ... ... ...816 815

>f 119.—Its measurement. Length and breadth. The image of Yftsudeva

established by Atri. The austerities of King Pururava ..,819-821

„ 120,—The King practised austerities and saw the pastimes of Gan-

dharvas and nymph3. Dialogue between Pururava, Gandharva and
Apsarft. The King dreams and tells it to Atri ... .,.832-324

„ 121,—Description of J&mbudvipa ... ... ... ...325-229

„ 122.—Description ^ftkadvipa. Its rivers and mountains ... ..*329*384

w 123.—Narration of the 6th and 7th Dvipa—The measurement of the

rivers, mountains and seas ... ... ... ...834-387

„ 124.—The dimensions of the orb of the sun and moon in describing

the sphere. The authority of Mount Meru. The dimensions of
the earth. Description of the Equator. Mention of the time
of Nagavithi ... ... ... ...3S8-S4S



Chapter 125.—The movements of the Pole star, sun, moon and other planets.

Mention of Gaja Mountain and the source of the clouds. Descrip¬
tion of the position of the chariot of the sun ... ...346-349

„ 126.—The course of the sun, The position of the gods and Gan-

dharvas near the sun. The seasons. Description of the solar
horses and of the lunar horses ... ... ... ...349-353

„ 127.—The description of chariot of Budha (Mercury) and Mars and the

praise of the Pole star. The description of the starry column ...358-355

„ 128.—The situation and respective positions of the planets in the Polar

system. The three kinds of fire, uis., Pachak, etc. Mention of the
rains at the head of the seasons. The places of the planets ...355-360

Part II,


129. —Orign of Tripura in the story of Tripur 6. M&ya gets a boon

from Brahma ... ... ... ... .. 1-8

130. —The divisions of forts, ramparts, etc. of Tripura. Building of

Tripura. Descrip tion o f each city ... ... ... 8-4

131-—The great power of the three cities. Maya dreams a bad dream.
Alaksmi enters the city. The Danavas vanquished by the gods
give up truth and virtue and take to vicious courses ... ... 4-6

132. —The gods eulogise Siva. Aditya and others take refuge in

Brahma. The gods go to the place of Bhava (Siva) in company
with Brahm£ ... ... ... ... ... 7 S

133. —Building up of a strange chariot. , Brahma and other gods

describe the strength of the Asuras. Siva accepts the position of
charioteer of the gods. The horses unable to bear the weight of
Mah&deva fall on the ground. Eulogy of Hara by the Risis ... 8-11

134. —Narada goes to Tripur& and comes to Maya. Their discourse.

Maya instructs the Daityas how to fight Mahadeva ... ... 11-13

135. —Fight between the gods and Asuras. The leaders of the army

are stupefied by Maya’s enchantment. Maya strikes Kum&ra ... 13-17

136. —First the massacre of the demons, the dwellers of Tripura by

the first army. The death of Vidyutaumali. Maya through magic
creates a lake. Sankukarana says to Sankara that the lake
revives the dead. Nar&yana taking the form of a bull drinks up

the water of the lake created by Maya ... ... ... 17-20

137. —The siege of Tripura. The guard of the lake says to Maya

that the .lake has been drunk up by some one in the form of a

bull. Maya goes to the sea with Tripura. Indra comes there
to destroy Tripura ... .. ... .. ... ?o-22






138.—Slaughter of Taraka. Description of the war between the
gods and demons. When ttankara was fighting placing one foot
on the uack of a bull and the other on that of a horse from his
tremendous weight, the bull and the horse lost their teeth and
breasts. Since then bulls and horses have no breasts and teeth,
Vidyunm&li’s words to the gods ...

189.—Discourse between the demons and Maya. Ratr entered the
body of P&rvati. The amorous pastime of‘the Danavas


140. —Burning of Tripurd. Nandi kills Vidyunm&li, Nandi says to Maya

<k since Tripura has met with such destruction you should leave
the city.” The sorrow of the wives and children. The fruit of
reading and listening to this chapter

141. —The group of Pitris who take part in 8raddha when Vail4 and

Soma meet. The definition of Sinivdl? and Kuhfi. Praise of SrMdha


142 —The shorter period of a manvantara, The measure of time from
the shortest to the longest. The number of the ytigas and the
number of the religions based on the Vedas and the 7 precious
gems. The duties of Treta

143.—The dawn of sacrifice. Vasfi’s partiality to the gods in the
discourse on the ri$is and the gods. The rt$is curse him. The
source of the otcrnal religion





Chapter 144 .
„ 145 .

„ 146 .




-h.

—The duties of the yuQas— Dwdpara, etc.. The profesions of
people. The duration of their lives. Departure from the path of
virtue of the future people in Halt ... ... ... 42-4®

—The measure of the body altering with the different yugus.
Different duties in the different yugas. The height of animals., e.g.,
cows, etc. Definition of Acharyus and others. Definition of Yajnas.
Definition of Ksettra and Ksettrajna. The names of riats ... 46-51

—The killing of T&raka described in brief. In course of describing
that in detail description of Vajra. Birth of Guha in the clumps
of reeds. Discourse between his mother and Indra. Indra
divides the womb of Diti into seven parts and hence the birth of
Maruta. Yajrdnga captures Indra and releases him at the request
of Brahma. Vajr&nga's penance ... ... ... 61-54

147. —Origin of T&raka. Discourse between Vajr&hga and Yarangi ... 55-56

148. —T&raka obtains the boon. Preparation of the war between the gods

and demons. Discourse between Brahma and Taraka. BrahmA
offers a boon to T&raka. Brihaspati advises Indra on the tactics of
warfare, such as conciliation, etc. It is decided to punish the
Daityas. The army of the gods ready to fight ... ... 56-60

149. —Hand to hand fight between gods and demons ... ... 00-61

150. —Kalneml defeated in the great fight, Yisnu gives up yoga-nidr&

and comes to the fight ... ... ... 61-70

151. —The wheel killing the Grasana demon comes to the hand of Yisnu... 70-71

152. —Fight with Mathana and others. Gurutman sent to kill Mathana.

Guruda (Garufcmana) flies away with Vi§up. ... ... 72-73

163.—Taraka wins. Slaughter of Jambha. Yisnu slaughters the Daitya

named Indra Y&hana. Indra and others are captured ... ... 73-82

154.—Indra and the other gods praise BrahmA. Brahmas discourse with
VAyO. Night engaged to carry on the work of the gods. Indra says
to N&rada : “ Try to unite Mah&deva^ with the daughter of the
mountain..” Conversation between Himalaya and Nara^da. The
counsel of the gods and burning oi Madan. Rati praises Siva and
Siva's marriage. Yiraka accepted as a son. PArvati practises
penauce ... ... ... ... •••

-KAlikA goes to the place of Gaurl’s penance for becoming Gaurl.

The mutual censure of UmA and Mabesw&r ... ... 108-109

■The death of Adi. BrahraA gives a boon to Adi. Girija’s discourse
with Kusumamodini, the presiding deity of the mountain. Adi

adopts the form of UmA to deceive Siva. Sankara’s discourse
with the demon in the form of UmA ... ... ... 109-til

Curse on Viraka. Origin of the Lion from Devi’s wrath, BrahmA
gives boon to Urn4 Devi ... ... ... ...111-112

The brifch of Kartikeya. Discourse between Viraka and P&rvati.

Praise of Viraka, ... ... ... ... ,..112-114

The gods prepare for the fight. They eulogize KArtikeya. Messenger sent to T&raka. T&raka sees ill otmns ... ^ ... 114-116

-KumAra deals the death blow to T&raka. The fruit of reading and
teaching this chapter. ... ... ... ... 116-117

,—Hiranyakasyapa practises penances and obtains many boons from
Brahma. The gods come to BrahmA hearing the terrific boons ac¬
quired by Hiranyakasyapa, BrahmA says that Hiranyakasyapa will
be killed by Yi^nuatthe end of the penances. Hiranyakasyapa
growing haughty by his boons oppressed the gods who approach
Yisnu. Yisnu comforts them saying u I will kill him.” Visnu
adopts the form of a man-lion and goes to the metropolis of Hirauya-
kasyapa whose court is described at length. Yisnu sees Hiran-
yakasyapa on the lap of Luxury ... ... ...118-121

it 162.—Prahl&da describes the lion as the source of the universe to

Hirnyakasyapu. Hearing that Hirauyakasypa orders the Daityas
to capture the lion. Accordingly all those demons struck the lion
with various weapons. Then Lord visnu in the form Of thai lion
scared those warriors and demons iu a trice ... 131-123





Ceafte 168.—The Daityas make fruitless attempts to kill the lion* Hiranyakasyapu,
too, made likewise futile attempts. Site ominous to Daityas and
propitious to the gods. Hiranyaksyapu armed with all sorts of
weapons. The lion simply by means of his claws tore him to pieces.

The lion praised by Brahmfi and others. Visnu goes out in his
own form to his abode ... ... ... ...113-126

„ 164.—Manu asks Vi 3 nu in the Padmakalpa how was the world in the

form of a lotus on the navel. Visnu in the orm of a fish begins
to reply ... ... ..." ... ... ...127-128

„ 165.^The Lord in the form of a fish relates to Mann in brief the dates of

the four yugas, krita , etc. The narration of the final dissolution... 128-129

„ 160.—He further relats to Mann it is N&r&yana who adopting different

forms, Bibhavasu, etc., reduced the whole world into one vast sheet ;
of water and lived ... % ... ... ... 119-130

„ 167.—On this vast ocean Nftr&yana took the form of a swan and from crane

and others he created Brahtn&, Udg&tri and Sftmaga. Markandeya
born out of the belly of Bhagaw&n and speing the resplendant Lord
asks him who he was. Again he entered the belly and coming out
of the mouth saw a boy concealed in the branches of a banyan tree.

He approached the boy and enquired who he was. He replied that
he was the Lord and his creator ... ... ... ...130-132

„ 168.—Desirous of keeping the universe afresh or agitating 'the ocean

and creating the material elements—sound, etc., and sporting that
war He created a lotus from His navel ... ... ... 133

„ 169.—The Lord creating the lotus produced the creator of the universe

out of it. The masters of the Pur&nas say that that lotus was
the earth. The softer parts of this lotus are this earth and its
harder parts are mountains ... ... ... ... 133-134

„ 170.—When Brahm& was practising penance in that Lotus Madhu and

Kaitavas the Daityas, tried to disturb him. The Lord taking them
on his thigh crushed them ... ... ... ... 435

„ 171.—When Brahma was doing penance again there came the founder of

Yoga , and Kapila, the founder of S&nkhya. From Brahma are pro¬
duced his mental sons, tJambhO, Bhu, Bhuvah and others and also
of Daksya and $gas. The fruit of hearing the history of the
lotus * ... ... ... ... ... ... 136-188

„ 172.—Fight with T&raka and Maya after the slaughter of Vjrifcra. The

Lord Visnu seeing the gods come to him and ask for help, deter¬
mined to kill D&navas. Visnu promised to deliver them from this
difficulty and grant to them the Lordship of the three worlds.
Propitious sight seen ... ... ... ... ... 13B-140

„ 173.—Hearing this promise of Visnu, Maya, Virdchona, Hayagriva and

other chief demons mustering their armies prepared ior fighting
the heavenly hosts ... ... ... ... ... 140-141

„ 174.—The gods also in order to meet the Daitya armies arranged their

own troops under the leadership of Inara. Brihspati pronounces
blessings on them ... ... ...* ... ...142-143

„ 175.—Great war between gods and demons. Praise of ’celibacy. Durva

gets a boon from Brahma. Armed with this Durva creates an illu¬
sion to help the army of Maya and crush that of the gods. Indra
requests Brahm& to quench the illusory fire of Durva and also re¬
quests the moon born of the ocean to do the same ... ... 144.447

„ 176.—The Moon and Varuna, the lGrds of water, ordered by Indra consoled

Maya and scared the demons a great deal. Seeing this
Maya produced the illusion of Parvati Maya in the gods. After
that the fire and wind ordered by the Lord Visnu annihilated the
array of the demons. After that everything became calm and the
demons became indifferent. Then KAlnemi, assuming the form of
T fivikrama, pleased the demons and frightened the gods ... 14744 ft

„ 177.—Kalanemi increased his strength, dimmed tke splendour of all the

gods from Indra downward, and, vanquishing everything by his
prowess, making everything his own, shone like Brahma Praj&-
pati. All the gods extolled him as if he were Brahmi PrajApati,
and the Daityas, toe, praised him..* ... ... ’ 149-151




Chapter, 178.—When Kalanemi made everything his own, he, contrary to the laws
of Dhurmu, could not carry out the Vedas, Dharma, Forbearance,

Truth and Laksmi. In not being able to attain these five things,
he became angry and, wanting to enthrone himself in place of
Visnu, went to him. He saw the Lord riding on Garuda and
holding conch, quoit and club, and simply to cause destruction on
himself and of the Danavas brandished his own club and by many
sort 3 of words censuring Ndr4yana enraged him. K&lanemi strikes
at the chest of N&rayana. He also strikes his club on the head
of Garuda at which the Lord cut the hundred arms and hundred
heads of K&lanemi and allowed Garuda to strike him down. BrahmS.
praised Visnu. Visnu reinstates *the gods in their former pos-
sessions and returns to bis own abode along with Brahm& ... 161-154

„ 179.—Slaying of Andhaka, the Asura. Sankara, in order to drink the blood

of Andhak Asura, creates the Matris M&heavsri and others.
Appearance of Narisimgha at the request of Rudra to prevent the
Matris from devouring the universe in contravention with the
order of Sankara. After having drunk the blood of Andhak Asura,
the Mfitris Mahesvari and others defeat the Rudra. Matris *
^ Nafisiragha’s instructions to Rudra Devata... ... ...154*157

180. —Greatness of V&rfcnasi. , Pingala got Ksefcrapfclahood and its con¬
sequent elevations. Siva and Gauri come to Var&nfi.si, They
see a garden in the way. f 3 iva says to Gauri that Kuvera and
others attain fruition on worshipping me. They visit Haii-
Ksetra and grant him boons

181. —In the course of conversation between




Sanat Kutn&ra and Nandikesvara, some important sacred places are described ...

182.— Skanda describes the field of Vimukta

188.—The greatness of the Avimuktas described in the dialogue between
P&rvati and Mahesvara, Brahm& having cut his fifth head commits
Brahroahatyft and comes to Sankara for expiation and the sin is
removed by Sankara. The skull bursts out into thousand pieces
and forms the sacred place of Kap41a Mochana ... ...165-109

184. —Greatness of Avimukta ... ... ... ... ...169-171

185. —In the discourse between the Riais and Skanda, it is described that
Vy&sa, pressed with hunger after having practised penance for 12
years, gets no alms anywhere, but Sankara and P&rvati in the
guise of a relation give him food. Rari says,to VyAsa as you
are irritable, don't live here. Vy& sa prays t o Siva that in the
Chaturdasi and Ast&mi days he would be ^avoured^nth' an
accommodation.

Ast&mi days he would be
Ureatnessof Dandnayak and others..



186. —The greatness of Narmadfi, described in a dialogue between Mftr-

kandeyalind^fudhl^thira. The greatness of Amarkantaka ... 174-176

187. —In the the topic of the greatnes of Narmada is described that the

Risis frightened by B&n&sur came to *ftva for protection and help.

N&rad& sent to disturb the minds of the women at Tripura.
Anaupamya, the wife of B&n&sura, discourses with Nfcrada. A hole
is made in the city on account erf the faithful wives of the city
becoming faithless and hence losing their virtues at the insti¬
gation of N&racl5r~ ... ... ... ... ...176-178

188. —Sankara moves about in order to destroy Tripur&, being on his

own grounds on the banks of Narmad&. The piteous cries of tho
inhabitants of the town when it is being burnt by the fire of
Hari when B4n& seeing the Tripurfi on fire leaving his wife and
children takes the lihga on his head and praises £fiva, Hari
being pleased grants a boon to him that he will be indestruct¬
ible to gods. Description of Amarkantaka ... ... ...178-182

189. —Description of the confluence of the K&veri and Narmada. Kuvera

becomes the lord of Yakas ... ... ... ... 182

190. —The sacred places Y ant res vara, Garjanfi, Meghnftda, etc. ... 188

101.—The sacred places on the banks of Narmada, Sfilabhedha, etc., num¬
bering more than a hundred ... ... ... ...184-188


102.~~In the topic ou the greatness of Narmadfl is described the origin

and greatness of the Sukla Tirtha ... ... ...188-190

193. —Pilgrimage to sacred places like Anaraka. The origin and greatness

of the field of Bhrigu. The sacred places Airandi and Dhauta-p£pa,
Description of Kankhal and other sacred places ... ... 190-194

194. —The sacred place of Ahkusesvara and others. The sacred places

Risl Kany4 and Svarn&vindu ... ... ... ... 194-190

195. —The re-birth of BrahmS, etc. The geneology of the Bhfigu ... 193-197

196. —The geneology of Angira ... ... ... ...197-199


197. —The family of / tri.

198. — The family of Vis'vdraitra

199. —The family of Kasyapa ...

200. —The family of Vasistha ...

201. —The family of Par&sara Nimi and Vasistha curse each other. Mitra

Varuna begets Vasistha and Agastya. Vasistha begets Sakti who
begets Par4sara, the father of Dvaip&yna. The continuation of
Prftsara’s line

202. —The families of Agastaya, Pulaha, Kratu and Pulastya ...

203. —Family of Dharma

204. —Description of the song of Pitpis ...




205. — Praise of gift of a cow ... ... ... ... ... 206

206. —Presentation of the skin of an antelope ... ... ...206-208

207. —Letting loose a bull. The marks of such a bull ... ... 208-210

208. —Origin of S&vitri. She hears from N&rada of the future death of

her husband and goes to the forest in her husband’s company ... 210-211


209. -Showing the beauty of the spring to his wife, Satyavftna leaves her

in a part of the forest and himself goes to another part of it ... 211-213

210. Suddenly Satyavdna^ls overcome with a pain in the head and lies

down on the ground placing his head on his wife’s lap* Then
Dhurtnuraja comes with KSla and MfitvQ and ensnaring the per¬
son of the size of the thumb from Satyav&na’s body departs
for his own abode. Sivitri finding her lord lifeless follows
RharmarSja and he, being pleased with her devotion to her
husband, grants her the first boon ... ... ... 218 214


211.—Again pleased with her dutiful word he grants her the second

boon ... ... ... ... ... ... 214-215


212. —She is likewise granted the third boon ... ... ... 215-217

218.—Savitri’s sweet words please Dharmaraja who restores her husband

to life ... ... ... ... ... ... 217-218

214. — Savitri returns to her father-in-law with her husband. His eye

sight restored and he is re-instated on his throne. The fruit of
reading and hearing this story ... ... ... ...218-219

215. —Bhagav&n Matsya describes to Manu the duties of an anointed

king. The helpmates and wealth of a king ... ... 219-224

216. —The maintenance of officers of a kingdom ... ... ... 224-226

217. —The collection of medicinal plants in well-protected forts described

in course of the resources of the kingdom ... ... ... 226^229

213. —In the same topic is described the prevention from different

calamities ... ... ... ... ... ... 229-281


219. —The secret recesses for kings, etc,, in the fort

220. —The protection of the king

221. —Fatality and human efforts. Activity above predestination.

effects of Satvika, R&jasika and Tfcmasika works

222. —In the topic on king’s duties—Conciliatory policy

223. —In the same—the policy of creating differences

224. —In the same— the policy of buying off





( XV )


Chapter



.

225. ^In the same—the policy of repression which is praised. King’s

blame in dealing improperly with the innocent and the guilty ... 238-230

220.—The cause of king’s impartiality towards potentates. The

king’s vow of Yama, etc., with respect to his people ... ... 239

227.—punishment. Sant&pau& expiation in stealing things of little
value. Punishment in abhisansfina, etc. Punishment in rude speak¬
ing. Punishment in stealing big animals. Punishment in killing
women and children ... ... ... ... ... 240 251


228. —Special observance of peace ... ... ... ...251-253

229. —The characters of kings in former births—of people whose towns

are being destroyed ... ... ... ... ... 253-254

230. —In the topic on supernatural means of pacification the efficacy

of worship ... ... ... ... ... ... 254-255

231. —In the same topic—mutilation by fire ... ... ... 255-256

232. —In the same—the means of removing dangers to tfees ... 256

233. —Removal of drought and overflow ... ... ...257

234. —In the same—dangers from reservoirs of water ... ... 257

235. —In the same—delivery of women ... ... ... 258

230.—In the samo—unusual peace of offerings ... ... 258

237. —In the same—dangers to animals and birds ... ... 258-259

238. —In the same—removal of accidents ... ... ...259-200


239. —Sacrifices to the Grahas. A lakh homas and a koti homas. Th<*

measure of aikunda. The materials and means, e.p., ritvik. The
priests to be fed with ksira, etc., in the first month, etc. Distribu¬
tion of one’s weight in gold at the close of the sacrifice ... 260-262

240. —The discourse on taking a journey. The proper time of a

journey described in the dialogue between Matsya and Manu ... 262-264

241. —The movements in the different parts of the body as forecasting

the success in a journey ... ... ... ... 264

242. —Dreams as foretelling the success of a journey ... ... 265-266

243. —Sights—propitious and ominous, at the time of starting ... 260-267

244. —Yisnu’s greatness. The manifestation of Vamana when Sakra

and others were vanquished. Aditi practising difficult penances.

Pleased the Omnipresent by sweet words in order to restore
her own children to life. On Visuu asking her to solicit for
the boon she liked most, she says “Let my son V&sava be the
ruler of the three worlds.” The Lord grants her the boon saying,

“ I shall be born from you by Kasyapa, and killing the demons,
shall fulfil your request.” ... ... ... ... 267-269

245. —The Lord appears in the form of a V&mana (dwarf). Learning

that all the Asuras became weak through the prowess of the Lord,

Bali asks his grandfather how that could be. Prahl&da replies
that His true nature is not known even by Brahm& and others—
and He is the source of this entire universe. The same Vftsudeva
manifesting himself as the son of Kasyapa and Aditi will kill the
Daityas, the burdens of this world, and make Indra and others
happy. Bali says, “ who, Grandsire, is this Hari, who is the dread
of us all ? I have got hundreds of heroes who will relieve this
world, such as Viprachiti and others, who excel Vfisudeva in power.

Kfiana is not half of any of them in strength. Prahl&da curses him
saying— u Since you are abusing Kfisna, the god of your grand¬
father, you will ere long lose your sovereignty ” At the solicita¬
tion of Bali, Prahl&da says—“ Be you His devotee from this day.

He will be your Baviour. ,, The Lord takes birth in the form of a
dwarf. Propitious signs on the advent of the Protector of the
world The gods give up their sorrow. Pleasant breezes blow.

Praise to the Lord by Brahm& and the other gods. The Lord
thus self-manifested speaks of the different vrata s and goes to
the sacrifico celebrated by Bali ... ... ^ .. ... 269-274




Chapter 240.—At VAmana’s, tread the whole earth shakes and Bali asks his
preceptor Sukr&chftryya—why the earth trembles and why the
fires do not accept the offerings of the Asuras/ He muses long
and says, “ In Kasyapa’s house Visnu has taken birth. He comes
to your sacrifice. The earth quakes at his strides, unable to bear
hi3 great weight. And on his approach the fires refuse your
offerings/' At this Bali feds delighted and asks his preceptor
how the Lord ought to be received and entertained, 6ukr4ch&ry-
ya says—“ The Lord comes in his ‘ Satva quality * to preserve
creation and to crush you. Beware of making any promises to
him, however small. Just say I am unable to give you anything/'

Bali replies, “How can I refuse the Lord anything when he
directly profere a request ? ... .. ... .*.309-870

240—How can I say I have nothing to give you? Please do not
stand in the way of my charity. You know I am his devotee. He
will not kill me. Instantly He appears there in the form of the
dwarf. At his sight the Daityas tremble and the sages worship
him. Bali is greatly delighted and blesses his stars. All remain
silent. Visnu pleases everybody. Seeing the modesty of the king
of the Daityas Bali takes an “ Argha ” and approaching the Lord
says, “ I shall present you anything you ask for, even all my
wealth or the whole world/' At this the Lord says— “ O king !
please give me three feet of ground for my worship of fire/' Bali
gives Him three feet of land. As the consecrating water falls
on V&mana’s hands, He displays His true form. Then assigning
the three worlds to Indra and granting many a boon to Bali,
establishes him on his throne ... ... ... ..,274-278

„ 247—Varaha’s deeds in the dialogue between Arjuna and Saunaka

The dissolution of the world and its fresh creation ... ... 278-280


248— The earth's praise of Visnu. Visnu adopts the form of Varfiha,

The Lord relieves the earth ... ... ... ...280-288

249— The immortality of the gods and the story of the Am pita.

Sankara, Sukra and the Sanjivamvidy4, Request to the MandarA
HiU. The gods and the DAnavas praise Visnu. Churning of ttie
milk ocean. Brahm& and the gods praise Visnu and the gods are
endowed with strength ... ...” ... ,j. 288-280

250— The origin of K&Ia Kfita. The origin of Soma, Sri, SivA, IJechai-

sravas, Kausbubha and PArfjAta. The origin of fire and of the
serpents Dundubha, etc. Discourse between Visnu and KaU
kuta. Praise o*f Siva by the gods and the DAnavas. Discourse
between the gods and Asuras and Siva. MahAdeva drinks up
the deadly poison- The god and the Asuras dance and sing
when the poison is drunk np ... ... ... 287-289

251— Churning out the Amrita. Birth of Dhanvantari. The holding

of the gem. The Lord in the form of a fair woman steals the
Am pita from Asuras. RAhft beheaded. The war between the
gods and the Asuras ... ... ... ... 289-291

252— Bhrigu, Atri and Vasistha—the authors of the VAstu 8Astras.

Birth of VAstubhfita from the sweat of the brow of Siva in the
fight with Andhaka ... ... ... ... ...291-292


253— The influence of the different months and asterisms. The

different methods of making houses ... ... ... 292-295

254— The measure of a building. The nature of Chatuhsata, etc.

Five sorts of royal palaces. The shape of the house of a princet 295-297

255— The five kinds of pillars. The effect of having big trees like


the banyan to the east of the house
256—On VAstu VidyA

2o7— Ditto *•« «m im ...

258— On the measurements of limbs of the images of the Devas

259— The distinctive marks of an image. Its shapes and sizes
280—Images where half is a god and half a goddess

201—Images of PrabhAkara, etc, ...








262— Description of the pedastal. The mention of the fruit in des¬

cribing the altar ... ... ... ... 613-314

263— The distinctive features of the Linga. The nine Sorts of Lihga ... 814-315

264— The measurements, Runda etc., The placing of the image, etc.,

and their methods V.. ... ... ... ...315-818

266—Method of adhiv&sana. The definition of an “ AChirya.” Fruit

of adhivisana • i* «M •*# Ht 818-820

266— The ceremony of PratistblL After the a establishment cere¬

mony of the image, the*’worship of the Ach&rya. Besmearing
honey, etc,, on succeeding days. The fault of moving an image
once established ... ... ... ... ... 320-323

267— The ceremony of bathing the god. The observance of the

“ seven-day festival ” ceremony ... ... ... 823-825

268— The ceremony of removing evils from buildings. Special offer¬

ings to special gods ... ... ... ... ...325-327

269— Palaces—their names and characteristics ... .. 827 329


270— The signs of a “mandapa/ Different names for mandapa.

Their distinctive features ... ... ... ’’ ... 329-831

271— The future kings of the Iksvikfi and Magadha families ... 381-833

272— The reign of the Pulaka family. The names of the kings of the

family ... ... ... ... ... ... 334 337

273— The reigns of the Andhras, Yavanas and the MIechchhas. The

end of a Yuga. The origin of Kali Yuga ... ' ... 337-347

274— The gift called Tulipurusadina MahidAna. Different sorts

of Tul&purusadina ... ... ... ... ... 347-861

275— Gift of Hiranyagarbha ... ... ... ...351-868

276— The method of giving away the BrahmAnda. The fruit of doing,

reading or listening to this account \., ... ... 853-854

277— Gift of a Kalpa tree. The fruit of hearing and reading this

account ... ... ... ... ... ... 354*855


278— Gift of a thousand cows. The fruit of hearing the account .. 855-357

279— Method of making gift of a golden milch cow. The proper

BrAhmana for such a gift ... ... 357

280— Gift of a golden horse. The fruit of reading and hearing this

account ... ••• ... ... 368

281— Method of making gift of a golden horse and chariot ... 368-859


282—Gift of a golden elephant. The fruit of hearing and reading

the account ... ... ... ... 8o9-360

—Gift of land with five ploughs ... ... ... ...360-531

284— Gift of the golden earth. The fruit of hearing and reading

this account ... ... ~ ...

285— Gift of the universal wheel. The way of making the wheel .. S4*~d r ;4

286— Gift of a golden Kalpa-creper. The fruit of bearing sn* 5

reading this ... ... ... ... . 364-865

287— Gift of the seven seas. Its fruit .. „ 365-366

288— Gift of the Katnadhenu. Its fruit ^ £66-367

289— Gift of the pot representing the groat elements. The fruit of

reading and hearing this ... ... ... ... 867-368


290— The account of the Kalpas. Their names and number. The

fruit of hearing and reading the Br&hma and the PAdm*
Pur&nas. The disappearance of the Lord Matsya, etc. 368

291— The subjects described in the Matsya Purina.
The fruit of reading it ... ... ... ’ ... ... 369-370

Translation by Matsya Puranam S. C. Vasu & others