In 2024 Lok Sabha elections of India, the incumbent Government headed by Narendra Modi is facing antiincumbency. In 2014, Modi talked of Gujarat Model and questioned the incumbent Government. Today opposition is able to question him on many fronts. Modi could not develop an India Model of Development. Even to Gujarat, he has to transfer projects from Maharashtra to Gujarat and there were protests against it.
What is the nature of antiincumbency?
The Road to Re-Election: Incumbency, Wear and Tear of Power and New Tactics
Gaël Lagadec
University of New Caledonia (LARJE)/CRESICA, Nouméa, New Caledonia.
Theoretical Economics Letters > Vol.12 No.5, October 2022
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=120642
One Good Term Deserves Another: The Advantage of Incumbency in Congressional Elections
Albert D. Cover
American Journal of Political Science
Vol. 21, No. 3 (Aug., 1977), pp. 523-541 (19 pages)
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2110580
The Electoral Benefits and Limitations of Incumbency
http://revparl.ca/21/4/21n4_98e_Marland.pdf
The Political Theory of Parties and Partisanship: Catching Up
Annual Review of Political Science
Vol. 23:95-110 (Volume publication date May 2020)
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-041916-020727
Russell Muirhead1 and Nancy L. Rosenblum2
1Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA; email: russell.muirhead at dartmouth.edu
2Department of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; email: nrosenblum at gov.harvard.edu
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-polisci-041916-020727
Social Media Effects: Hijacking Democracy and Civility in Civic Engagement
Platforms, Protests, and the Challenge of Networked Democracy. 2020 : 77–94. Published online 2020 Feb 27. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-36525-7_5
PMCID: PMC7343248
Guest Editor (s): John Jones4 and Michael Trice5
4The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
5Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
John Jones, Email: ude.uso at 1816.senoj.
It is imperative to figure out a way to maintain sensible dialogues that promote democratic principles.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7343248/
Democratic innovations after the post-democratic turn: between activation and empowerment
Marit Hammond
Pages 174-191 | Published online: 21 Apr 2020
I find that, despite their emancipatory underpinnings, most participatory and deliberative innovations fit a description of (mere) citizen activation – an elite-led engineering of citizen engagement that, beyond the control of citizens themselves, not only fails to lead to empowerment, but can even work to perpetuate existing structures.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19460171.2020.1733629
Ud. 25.3.2024
Pun. 6.6.2023
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