The Aitareya Upanishad is one of the oldest primary (Mukhya) Upanishads. It is attached to the Rigveda and attributed to the sage Mahidasa Aitareya. It forms the 4th, 5th, and 6th chapters of the second book of the Aitareya Aranyaka.
Comprises 3 chapters divided into 33 verses (or khandas). Traditionally credited to Mahidasa Aitareya, son of Itara.
Core Teachings
• Cosmic Creation: The text asserts that Atman (the Inner Self or pure consciousness) existed alone before the universe was created. Atman projected the physical worlds, cosmic elements, guardian deities, and the human body.
• The Three Births of Man: It details how the human form is conceived, born, and renewed through offspring, making the body a temple of consciousness.
• Prajñānam Brahma: Its central mahavakya (great saying) declares: "Prajñānam Brahma" — "Consciousness is Brahman". Everything in the universe, including all mental faculties and sensory perceptions, is led and supported by pure awareness.
• Liberation (Moksha): Freedom from the cycle of birth and death comes from disidentifying with the physical body and realizing one's true identity as non-dual consciousness.
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