Still Problem Ahead
The manufacturing showing negative growth is certainly worrying. Nov 29, 2019
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/experts-on-gdp-numbers-worst-is-not-past-us/articleshow/72297124.cms
Monday, December 2, 2019
India - Economic Slowdown 2019
Still Problem Ahead
The manufacturing showing negative growth is certainly worrying. Nov 29, 2019
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/experts-on-gdp-numbers-worst-is-not-past-us/articleshow/72297124.cms
Thursday, November 7, 2019
Bharat Ratna Nobel Laureate C.V. Raman - Biography and Contribution
C. V. Raman was born on 7 November 1888 in his maternal grandfather's house, in a small village of Thiruvanaikaval near Tiruchirapalli (Trichonopoly in 1888), on the bank's of Kaveri in Tamil Nadu. Raman's maternal grandfather Saptarshi Sastri was a great Sanskrit scholar.
Raman's father was R. Chandrasekhara Iyer. He became a lecturer in mathematics and physics in Mrs. A.V. Narasimha Rao College, Vishakapatnam (then Vizagapatnam) in Andhra Pradesh. Raman passed his matriculation examination at the age of 11 and he passed his F.A. examination (equivalent to today's Intermediate) with a scholarship at 13. In 1903 Raman joined the Presidency College in Chennai (then Madras) from where he passed the B.A. (1904) and M.A. (1907) examinations. He stood first both in B.A. and M.A. examinations and won all the prizes available. Raman himself wrote : " I finished my school and college career and my university examination at the age of eighteen."
While Raman was a student, he independently undertook original investigations in acoustics and optics. Raman was the first student of the Madras Presidency College to get a research paper published, that too in a prestigious international journal. His first paper on 'unsymmetrical diffraction bands due to a rectangular aperture' was published in the Philosophical Magazine (London) in November 1906. This was the result of Raman's measuring the angles of a prism using an ordinary spectrometer in his college. This was followed by a note in the same journal on a new experimental method of measuring surface tension. Lord Rayleigh (1842-1919) took note of the papers published by Raman as a student. Rayleigh was an outstanding mathematical physicist and a good experimenter, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery of argon. Raman and Rayleigh exchanged some correspondence.
Despite his brilliance in scientific investigations, at the instance of his father Raman took the Financial Civil Service (FCS) examination. He stood first in the examination and in the middle of 1907 Raman proceeded to Kolkata (then Calcutta) to join the Indian Finance Department as Assistant Accountant General. He was then 18½ years old. His starting salary was Rs. 400 per month, a fabulous sum in those days. One day while going to office Raman saw a signboard with the words "Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science" written on it. The address was 210, Bowbazar Street. On his way back he came to the Association where he first met an individual named Ashutosh Dey (Ashu Babu) who was to be Raman's assistant for 25 years. Ashu Babu took Raman to the Honorary Secretary of the Association, Amrit Lal Sircar, who was overjoyed when he came to know about Raman's intention -- to do research at the Association's laboratory. Raman started working in the laboratory of the association.
There was an interruption to Raman's work at the Association. He was transferred to Rangoon (1909) and Nagpur (1910). However, Raman's research work was not completely stopped. At both places he converted his home into a laboratory and continued his work. He came back to Calcutta in 1911.
Till 1917 Raman continued his research at the Association in his spare time. Doing research in his spare time and that too with very limited facilities Raman could publish his research findings in leading international journals like Nature, The Philosophical Magazine and Physics Review. During this period he published 30 original research papers. His research carried during this period mainly centred on areas of vibrations and acoustics. He studied a number of musical instruments viz., ectara, violin, tambura, veena, mridangam, tabla etc. He published a monograph on his extensive studies on the violin. The monograph was titled 'On the Mechanical Theory of Vibrations of Musical Instruments of the Violin Family with Experimental Verifications of the Results Part- I'. Ashu Babu was his collaborator at the association laboratory and he was a joint author in many papers that Raman published. Ashu Babu was also the sole author of a paper published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.
In 1917 Raman was invited by Asutosh Mookerjee (1864-1924), to be a professor in the newly established Science College. Raman was offered the Palit Professorship in Physics. The salary for the professorship was about half the amount that Raman was getting in the Finance Department. However, Raman happily accepted the offer. He joined the Calcutta University as Palit Professor in July 1917. In 1919 Raman took research students for the first time.
Even after joining the Calcutta University, Raman continued his work at the Association's Laboratories. In fact the Association became the research arm of the University. Following the death of Amrit Lal Sircar in 1919 Raman was elected as Honorary Secretary of the Association, the post he held till 1933, when he left Kolkata.
Raman discovered Raman Effect in 1928. The first paper was published in the Indian Journal of Physics on 31 March 1928. He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength and amplitude. This phenomenon of scattering of light was named after him – Raman effect. He was given the Nobel Prize for Raman Effect in 1930. In his, Nobel prize address Raman described various experiments carried out by him and his colleagues in Calcutta University in the area of light and colours. He got the inspiration for this area of research by looking at the blue Mediterranean sea on his voyage to England.
Raman's Nobel Lecture
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1930/raman-lecture.pdf
A Paper on Raman Effect
http://plaza.ufl.edu/dwhahn/Raman%20Scattering%20Theory.pdf
Basic experiment of Raman was explained in:
http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/ramaneffect.html
Bharat Ratna C.V. Raman - The Scientist Who Brought Great Glory to India
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In 1933, Raman was voted out of the Honorary Secretaryship of the Association in a move supported by Meghnad Saha. So Raman decided to move to the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, to become its Director. He was the first Indian to become its Director. Raman succeeded Sir Martin Forster, FRS. He served IISc both as Director during 1933-1937 and aS head of the Physics Department during 1933-1948.
When Raman joined IISc its academic accomplishments were not very high. But its funding position was much better than Calcutta University where Raman worked. Raman brought out the following changes:
A new physics department came into existence
Some of the existing departments were reorganised
Steps were initiated to establish a central workshop for fabricating precision instruments.
The surroundings were improved by planting beautiful flowering gardens.
For achieving academic excellence he himself gathered a team of talented students and faculty and started high quality research in many fields of physics like quantum mechanics, crystal chemistry and vitamins and enzyme chemistry by recruiting outstanding faculty. But his activities were not to the liking of some faculty members who complained and a committee was appointed to investigate the affairs. The committee gave the opinion criticising Raman. Raman resigned from the Director's position and remained a professor and head till 1948.
After retirement from the Institute he concentrated his attention on building the Raman Research Institute (RRI). Raman had to gather money for building the Institute as Raman had lost most of his life's savings including his Nobel Prize money in an investment. The Institute was built on a ten acre plot of land gifted by the Maharajah of Mysore way back in 1934 to the Indian Academy of Sciences, and for its related activities. The Indian Academy of Sciences Bangalore, which now publishes some of the best science journals in the country, was established by Raman. The Academy was formed on April 27, 1934. It was registered in Bangalore under the Societies Registration Act. Besides Raman, there were 160 Foundation Fellows. The inaugural meeting of the Academy was held in the campus of Indian Institute of Science in August 1934.
Raman traveled extensively for raising donation for constructing the building for housing the institute. To earn money for the institute he started a few chemical industries (in association with one of his former students). The dividends from these industries were sufficient to support the institute to start with. He gifted away most of his personal properties to the Academy for the benefit of the institute, as also the Lenin Peace Prize money. A museum was built to house Raman's collection of crystals, gems, minerals, rock specimens, shells, stuffed birds, butterflies and so on.
Raman was awarded Bharat Ratna in 1954.
Raman died on November 21, 1970. As per his desire he was cremated in the gardens of his institute.
Condensed from
http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/scientists/cvraman/raman1.htm
Documentary on C.V. Raman
http://guide-india.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-quatum-indians-satyendra-nasath.html
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1930/raman-bio.html
About Nobel Prize to Prof C.V. Raman
http://www.iisc.ernet.in/~currsci/nov10/articles33.htm
India - National Science Day 28 February 2014
http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200902/physicshistory.cfm
Books on Raman Scattering
N.B. Colthup, L.H. Daly, S.E. Wiberley. Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy.
(Third Edition) Academic Press, 1990.
Derek A. Long. The Raman Effect. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2002.
A. Weber (Editor). Raman Spectroscopy of Gases and Liquids. Topics in Current Physics. John
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1979.
Updated on 7 November 2019, 7 November 2014
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
The Quatum Indians - Satyendra Nath Bose, C.V. Raman and Meghnad Saha
In category A - Popular Science Film for Public (duration of more than 20 minutes) - The Quantum Indians bagged the first prize, the Golden Beaver and a cheque of Rs one lakh.
http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20140202/2332639.html
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Indian Diplomacy upload
Dr. Satyendra Nath Bose devised a statistical theory of counting photons - a revelation even to Albert Einstein -- that paved the way for the two great minds to work in tandem in formulating fundamental theories as the Bose-Einstein Statistics and Bose-Einstein Condensate. Boson, the class of particles that obey Bose-Einstein statistics, was named after Dr. S. N. Bose.
Sir C. V. Raman gave the world what is known as the Raman effect, which redefined how we see light and colour. Another contemporary, Dr. Meghnad Saha produced an equation that explained stellar radiation and is regarded as one of the fathers of modern astrophysics. All the three scientists started their careers at the Calcutta University, became Fellows of the Royal Society, and Raman was the first and only Indian to be awarded the Nobel Prize for physics.
The film is a tribute to the three exemplary minds, the significance of whose contributions was of vital importance during that time, and even today with great strides being made in quantum physics, fibre optics, nuclear science or astrophysics. They were not only great scientists, but were rooted to the social and political realities of the time and dedicated their lives to modern science in India. Along with being institutions by themselves, they built stellar institutions in the country that inspired many great scientists of the following generations.
Running time: 52:02
Release date: 2013
Director: Raja Choudhury
Producers: Public Diplomacy Division Ministry of External Affairs
Category: Documentary
Bharat Ratna Nobel Laureate C.V. Raman - Biography and Contribution
http://guide-india.blogspot.com/2014/11/bharat-ratna-nobel-laureate-cv-raman.html
Updated on 7 November 2019, 1 January 2015
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Electric Scooters - Motorcycles - Mobikes Mopeds India
16 October 2019
Bajaj Auto E-Scooter Chetak
https://www.autocarindia.com/bike-news/bajaj-chetak-electric-scooter-revealed-414520
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Kaartik Maas Mahatmya - Skand Puran Hindi - कार्तिक माहात्म्य स्कन्द पुराण
कोटि कार्तिक सोमवार
कार्तिक माहात्म्य स्कन्द पुराण
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कार्तिक मास माहात्म्य | Kartik Maas Mahatmya
6 videoshttps://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmsIvnkfdR2dRt5hDbRAD8E318EwIr4kD
Significance of the month of Kartika
Sage Narada enquired of Lord Brahma regarding the best month of a year for prayers and spiritual activities, the best Deity to worship and the best Tirtha to visit.
Brahma’s instant reply was that the best month of a Year was Kartika, the Supreme Deity to worship was Narayana and the most Sacred Tirtha was Badari Kshetra.
As regards Kartika Month, Bhagavan Vishnu always accorded high esteem and whatever good deeds were performed in the ‘Masa’ were fully accepted by all the Devas.
The acts and endeavours of the devotees like ‘Snaan’, ‘Daan’, ‘Bhojan’, ‘Vrath’, ‘Til’(Sesame Seeds), Dhenu (Cows), ‘Suvarna’ (Gold), ‘Rajat’ (Silver), ‘Bhumi’ (Land), ‘Vastra’(Clothing), Tapasya, Japa, Homa, Yagna, Annadaan, Puja with Tulasi leaves, Abhishek of Vishnu’s Idol with Ganges and other holy river waters as also ‘Panchamrit’ comprising milk, ghee, curd, honey and sugar; ‘Shodasopacharas’ to Deities, Veda- parayana, Purana Shravan, Bhajans, Deva Stutis, Visits to Temples, fasting, abstinence, ‘Jaagarans’ (Keeping awake in the night singing hymns), Guru Seva etc. would indeed secure manifold returns in the consecrated month of Kartik.
At every time during the day and night, ‘kirtans’(Stanzas) on one’s own lips must be uttered like ‘Govinda Govinda Hare Murari, Govinda Govinda Mukunda Krishna, Govinda Govinda Rathangapane, Govinda Damodara Maadhaveti’. Specific time on each day must also be apportioned for ‘Bhagavat Geeta Paath’ or reading as many Chapters as possible.
Also, a devotee must observe sleeping on the floor and if possible perform Kanya Daan and Vidya Daan in the month. Practice of the month long austerity and good conduct even in one Kartika month in a year ought to result in tangible benefits for sure!
One has to observe certain don'ts during Kartika Month such as avoiding use of oil on the body and food (except on Naraka Chaturdasi), food from others, fruits with many seeds, rice, left over or spoilt food, heavy food and twice a day, drinking intoxicants, use of glass items, eating group food or Grama Purohit, Shraddhas and from women during menses period; eating in lotus leaves, consuming brinjals, carrots, ‘Loki, onions and masoor dal; eating on Ekadashi days; turning off guests at eating time; conversing with chandal, Mlechha, Patita (women with bad character), Vratahin ( those not observing the rules of Kartika month), hater of Brahmanas, those who talk ill of others, non believers of God/ Godmen and immoral beings.
During the month of Kartika, Snanaas (bathings) acquire considerable importance. Those who are devoted to Surya Deva, Ganesha, Shakti, Siva and Vishnu are all required to formally observe Kartika Snanas. Snanas in favour of Surya need to be followed as long as Surya is in ‘Tula’ Rasi. Snanas in favour of Shankara be performed from Asvayuja Pournami to Kartika Pournami. Bathings in favour of Devis be observed from Aswayuja Shukla Pradhana day till Karthika Krishna Chaturdasi while for Ganesha Snanas are to be performed From Ashvin Krishna Chaturdasi till Kartika Krishna Chaturdasi. Bhagavan Janardana would be pleased with formal Snaanas from Aswin Shukla Ekadashi till Kartika Shukla Ekadashi.Those who observe the Snana Procedure during the month of Kartika would be free from the tributations of Yama Dharma Raja. Special Snaans and worship to Radha and Gopala during the month preferably under a Tulasi Tree have immense significance. While observing Kartika Snaans the following Stanza is recited:
Kartikeham Karishyami Pratha Snaanam Janardana,
Preethyartha Tava Devesha Damodara maya sahah.
(Janardana! Deveshwara Damodara! I am performing my early morning Snaan to please You and Devi Lakshmi).
Also recite the following:
Grihaanaarghya maya dattam Radhaya Sahiti Hare,
Namah Kamala -naabhaaya Nammasthey Jalashhayiney,
Namasthesthu Hrishikesha Gruhaanaarghya Namosthutey.
(Bhagavan! Please accept this ‘Arghya’ (handful of water) of mine to please You and Devi Radha; My greetings to you Kamalanaabha, greetings to You Jalashaayiney; greetings to You Hrishikesha; my repeated greetings to You!).
Before taking bath, one should take the name of ‘Pavitra Ganga’(Holy Ganges); while taking the bath on the head, recite ‘Purusha Suktam’ / ‘Sri Suktam’ and after the Snaan, take Tulasi in hand and perform ‘Achaman’(Sipping water thrice with the Names of Keshava, Narayana, Madhava etc.) and later apply Tilak / Vibhudi/ Kumkum on the forehead. Cold water snaan is always preferable to hot water for double Punya. It is said that there are four types of Snaan viz. ‘Vayavya’ (along with ‘Godhuli’/Cow dung); ‘Varuna’ (in the Sea and Holy Rivers); ‘Brahma’ or with Veda Mantras and ‘Divya’ or as Sun rays pass on the body. Snaanas by women should not be with Veda Mantras.
Lord Brahma affirmed that the fortnight from Kartika Krishna Trayodasi to the end of the month ie from Deepavali on the Amavasya of Aswayuja should be observed as Festival Days. The ‘Pradosha’ time of that Trayodasi is the most significant time when Lord Yama is worshipped with ‘Deepas’ at the main door of the residence and Naivedya to ensure that there would never be an ‘Apamrutyu’ or Akaala Mrithyu (premature and sudden death) in the family. Yama Raja would be pleased with the recitation of the Mantra after the worship:
Mrityuna pasha dandaabhyaam Kaalena cha maya saha,
Trayodashyam Deepa daanaath Suryajah Preeyathamiti
[With this Deepa daan on Trayodashi, may Surya’s son Yama be pleased without Mrityu (Death), Pasha (Yama’s rope of death), Danda (Yama’s stick) and ‘Kaal’ (Death time)] Thereafter, on Kartika Amavasya morning, worship is to be performed to Devatas and at the Pradosha time of the same evening, strings of ‘Deepas’ should be lit and Devi Lakshmi is worshipped saying: ‘Devi Lakshmi! We welcome You with ‘Deepa Jyoti’ (the splendour of these Lamps) as You are the Symbol of Limitless Illumination; You are the representation of Surya, Chandra, Agni, and Gold (Prosperity); Do make Your residence as our own!’ Thus the Kartika Krishna Paksha is the most auspicious fortnight praying for ‘Apamrityu’ / Good Health to Yama raja and Wealth for Devi Lakshmi ushering an era of happiness.If during the entire Kartik Month-or atleast ‘Pancha Rathras’ (five nights), a devotee recites ‘Om Namo Narayanaya’ as well as reads / hears ‘Vishnu Sahasranam’ and ‘Gajendra Moksha Paatha’, he secures freedom from want, disease, adversity and discontent.
Most certainly, the austerities observed on Kartika Ekadashi day alone would ensure contentment in ‘Iham’ (Current Life) and bliss in ‘Param’ (Post Life). Each act of virtue on the most auspicious day of Kartika Ekadashi is bound to obtain a multiplier effect endlessly.
Significance of Kartik Month - Skand Puran
http://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/details/skandapurana26.html
Updated on 13 October 2019, 5 November 2016
Sunday, October 6, 2019
India - Aspirational Districts - Ranking
Sep 28, 2019
https://twitter.com/NITIAayog/status/1177906377890680835
By improving farming methods for sustainable #agricultural production and adopting #bestpractices for #water management, these are the Five most improved #AspirationalDistricts as per the Delta Ranking in the sector announced by #NITIAayog for the month of August, 2019.
4:52 PM · Sep 28, 2019
1. Jharkhand - Palam
2. Kerala - Wayanad
3. Gujarat - Dahod
4. Jharkhand - Dumka
5. Mizoram - Manit
Maha Navami - Maha Devi Battling and Killing Mahishasura - Mahishasura Mardini
Maha Navami Pooja - దసరా మహా నవమి పూజ YouTube Video Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4iYXRuGjDE&list=PL6W3qaSriFEjsdbOPJB2qwaMv5UzHdjqe
Origin of Mahishasura and his battle with Devas
Two mighty Demon brothers Karambha and Rambha performed severe ‘Tapasya’ with desire to beget brave children. Karambha did his devotion inside deep waters and Indra having taken the form of a crocodile dragged the Danava’s feet and killed him. Rambha sat on the banks of River Indus and did his tapas and sacrificse to Lord Agni. Rambha found his elder brother dead in the depths of River Sindhu and desired to quit life but Fire-God appeared, prevented the suicide and gave him the boon of securing a son who would shake up the entire world. Rambha on his way back found in the vicinity a passionate She-Buffalo and had dalliance with her. The he-buffalo which was also there killed Rambha. The she-buffalo killed herself on the funeral fire, but gave birth to a hefty and ferocius Buffalo-Demon Mahishasura before her death. Rambha too emerged from the Fire as The Fire God recreated him in another form as ‘Rakta Bija.’ His blood acts as seed and gives birth to more demons. As Mahishasura grew, he performed tough penance and pleased Lord Brahma who gave him the boons that no force on earth could kill him except by a woman.
Puffed up by the boons secured, the Demon Mahishasura created havoc in the World by trying to dislodge Devas from Heaven, torturing Sages and Munis; slaughtering men, women and children, rejoicing in all kinds of sinful activities and finally attempting to dislodge Indra and Devas from the Heaven. He sent a messenger to Indra asking Him to surrender or get ready for a war. Indra got furious and warned the Demon. The latter convened a War Conference and alerted all the Danavas to get ready and assured them that he secured great boons from Brahma and that he was as good as immortal against any male power or animal power, excepting womanhood which was in any case helpless without male power!
Indra too called for an urgent Conference of Devas including all the Planetary Heads like Varuna, Vayu, Agni, Surya, Saturn, Yama, Budha, Guru Brihaspati and so on to position themselves ready with their respective Vehicles and followers. So far, it was a battle between Indra and Mahisasura, during which the former Commander-in-Chief Chiksusa, General Vidala and Danava Tamra took up the offensive which Indra could control. But as Mahishasura himself entered the field and spread out his ‘Samavari Maya’ or the Illusion for all and thousands of Mahishasuras appeared on the battle field each acting as powerful as the other, Devas including Varuna, Yama, Kubera and Agni fled away. Indra in his fast-track mind prayed to Brahma, Vishnu and Rudra about Mahishasura’s Illusionary tactics. Brahma got His conveyance Hamsa or the Swan, Vishnu by Garuda, Kartika His peacock, and Rudra His bull.While Indra controlled Chaksura, Varuna by Asiloma, Yama by Trinetra, Kubera by Maha Hanu, Vishna fought Andhaka and Rudra restricted Mahishasura. But when the battle went on for hundred years and each year Mahishasura became mightier, it became clear that the Demon would not be shattered unless a female ‘Shakti’ would have to be thought of for the purpose. It was also realised that instead of depending on the female power of one Devi, say Sachi Devi, Vani, Lakshmi or Parvathi individually, it would be ideal to unify the Powers of all and generate one Maha Nirguna Shakti who would destroy the Demons once and for all. The Composite Super Energy converging into a Unique Shakti thus emerged with all the Individual Shaktis of Trinity, Devas and their respective female powers embodying a mountain like Fire and dazzle which was not visualised even by Devas themselves let alone normal species. The Supreme Deity was endowed with the armoury and ‘Mantras’ of Gods.
Maha Devi’s Physical features
Maharshi Veda Vyasa described the splendorous outline of Her Image to King Janamejaya in Devi Bhagavatam. Her Form was a mass of blistering dazzle, Her Charmingly Extraordinary Face was that of Maha Deva represented by ‘Tamoguna’; Her long and black Hair overhanging from Head to knees was like the Power of Yamaraja; Her three Eyes were the intensity and ferocity of ‘Agni’, the pupils being black, middle portion being white and the end of the eye balls being red; he two Eye Brows were black like ‘Sandhyas’ ( twilights) curved like the arrows of Cupid; the two Ears created by Vayu or Air, Her Nose chiselled and attractive; teeth like gems of Daksha; lower lip like ‘Aruna’ the Charioteer of Sun and the upper lip after Lord Kartika; thighs and legs of Earth and Varuna; eighteen hands of Vishnu and red fingers like the glitter of Vasu Devatas.
Soon after The Maha Devi was formed, various presentations were made to Her by the Devatas: the Ocean of Milk gifted a pearl necklace and eternal red robes; Vishvakarma provided ornaments for each part of Her Physique never seen in the Universe earlier; Varuna presented flowers of everlasting fragrance and freshness as well as a Vijayanti garland on her chest; Mountain Himalaya a ferocious lion as Her Conveyance; Maha Vishnu gave a Chakra (Discus); Sankara a ‘Trisula’ (Trident); Agni (Fire) Deva gifted a ‘Sataghni’ Weapon; Conch by Varuna; Divine Bow and Arrows by Vayu Deva ( Wind God); Yama God of Death a Sceptre; Indra his thundebolt; Brahma a ‘Kamandalu’a vessel of Holy Water Ganges; Kubera gifted a Drinking Cup of Gold and an everfresh Lotus; Varuna a ‘Pasa’ (A Destructive Rope) capable of rounding off hundreds of Demons together and Visvakarma a high voltage Kaumudi Mace and so on.
Mahishasura’s Amorous Proposals to Maha Devi
With all the armoury and ornaments Maha Devi was comfortably mounted on the Lion and laughed so deafeningly that the entire Universe trembled with fear as though a catastrophy occurred. Mahishasura too was shuddured at the roar and his associates ran helter skelter to ascertain what was it about! One messenger reported to the Demon that he had an illusionary appearance of a huge sheet of light and when seen intently looked like an outlined feminine figure, with a cool and smiling face of rare beauty, fully armoured and ornamented, seated on a lion with several Gods surrounded around Her.
Mahishasura, who never ever realised that a female figure was mounted on a Lion with eighteen hands and was fully armoured as though ready to fight, felt that the Messenger must be crazy or the view was an Illusion created by the Devatas to frighten Danavas. Any way he sent his Prime Minister to take a personal Message to ‘that Woman’ to say that if really She were not an Illusion, She should meet and surrender to him and that he would assure Her to make her a life partner as the reports received were that she was of marriageable age without a husband. She roared in loud laughter and asked him to convey the message to the stupid Demon to withdraw his fight if he had any sense (which a Mahisha as an animal normally lacked), apologise to Her and quietly to go down to the nether world Patala to save himself! The Prime Minister talked highly arrogantly and even desired to attack Her but for Her being a woman and Maha Devi said that She could have smothered him then and there but for His being a Messenger and Dharma Shastras or the discipline of war prevented Her to kill a Messenger. The Prime Minister left for Mahisha still asking for the Devi’s rethinking about the possibility of marrying his King and not to finally close the chapter of his King’s amorous offer to Her! The Messenger met the King and conveyed the proceedings that She was ready to fight.
Mahisha called for a Conference and many opinions were expressed including a ridiculous explanation that the Devi indirectly meant that She could kill him by the corner looks of Her eyes, that She would lay him down and that She could take out his vitality in no time! The Resolution was that all the Four Methods viz. ‘Sama’ ( Counselling), ‘Dana’or material temptation, ‘Bheda’ ( divide and rule) and finally ‘Danda’ or punishment. Thus Demon Tamra was sent to the battle field with the brief that he should try all the Methods before punishing Her. Tamra did use the methods of good counselling, the temptation of marrying a hero like Mahisha and seeking to divide Her and the ‘timid’ Devas. Maha Devi laughed at the foolish alternatives proposed by Tamra and when he kept on arguing about the happiness that She could attain by Her union with Mahisha got terribly annoyed and roared thunderously when mountains shook and Tamra fled away back to Mahisha.
Carnage of Mahishasura’s Army
As Tamra returned without result that the three initial methods of Sama, Dana and Bheda did not yield results, the Danavas got the firm reply that war was imminent. But one elderly Statesman among the Danavas, Vidaliksa expressed the concern that by taking advantage of the loophole in the boon given by Brahma to Mahisha of not getting killed by any species excepting by a female should cause concern; it might well be that by placing Her ahead, Devatas might kill Mahisha!
Durmukha said that whatever might happen the situation was of no return and they have to fight out without showing their backs any way. Vaskala bragged that when the entire Deva army including Brahma, Vishnu and Rudra had retreated and collapsed, why should one think and plan strategies at this late stage; this is an hour of action and not of precious- little- do- nothings and thus therefore was high time for action! As an initial step in the battle, the two Demons-Durmukha and Valsala- once again used the catch phrase of Devi’s romance with Mahisha. Maha Devi got infuriarated, lost patience that She displayed for long and fired five arrows against Vaskala to start with. When he took up his club aloft, She hurled her own club and smashed his head to death. Her action was so swift that Durmukha’s reflexes did not work for a while as there were shrill shouts of Victory to Maha Devi and after regaining some composure Durmukha reacted with his arrows and bow. Meanwhile Maha Devi rained piercing arrows all around and hundreds of Danava heads rolled all over and Durmukha’s chariot was shattered. As he jumped out and hit Devi’s lion with his club, She cut his throat with Her axe. There were screams of happiness heard from Devas, Gandharvas and Kannaras as also Great Sages and Siddhas from Earth. As the armies of Vaksala and Durmukha ran for their lives and fled back to convey the killings of their masters, Demon Mahisha got a shock that two great warriors had succumbed to death and that was unbelievable indeed. His General Chiksuraska, a Danava of never-ending cruelty and intense loyalty to Mahisha leapt from his seat and shouted with rage that the Devi would be destroyed for sure. He took Mahisha’s permission to shatter that Woman and bring her back to Mahisha dead or alive. Demon Tamra too accompanied the General. The moment he entered the war field, Chiksuraska kept on shouting at Devi that he had arrived to avenge the death of Vaksala and Durmukha and bombarded with arrows, spears, maces, sharp swords and a lashing tongue. Tamra went near Bhagavati and hit the lion on its head with an iron ‘musala’ ( club) when Devi was provoked and hurled Her axe with dashing speed as the Demon fell, turned around and tried to throw his musala but took the last breathing. The General Chiksaruska started screaming with rage and flew across to reach Devi who pierced with Her spear through his body. The entire army ran for their lives in the same direction that they arrived. Asiloma and Vidalaksa were the two top Demons who not only had valour and might but were well versed in war tactics and diplomacy too. In fact these two were in the inner ring of Mahishasura’s court and get rarely provoked but could call a spade a spade always counselling their King Mahisha about the pros and cons of a given situation. Asiloma addressed Devi Bhagavati and asked Her as to why She had been killing Danava soldiers recklessly without least provocation, excepting request Her fair hand in wedding to their master. Was it a sin to ask Her for Mahisha’s wedding? After all She could simply say ‘no’, but why this carnage? Maha Devi replied to the calm reasoning put forth by Asiloma: ‘ I have no desire nor hatred. I stand for ‘Dharma’ and ‘Nyaya’( Virtue and Justice). Your King had perpetrated endless sins of severe nature and interfered with the natural way of human life and destroyed all norms of decency. He had hurt Devas, Indra and Trinity. Having secured boons from Brahma, he had harmed Brahma Himself and thus proved to be an ungrateful demon who should never be excused. I am the Origin of the Universe- The timeless, featureless, sexless, and faultless Super Energy without fear or favour. Mahisha’s conscience is impure and had been wanting to marry Me; this is clear that he had no sense as he had been posseesed by high degree of Maya.’ Thus explaining in an impassioned manner, She advised Asiloma and Vidalaksa to retreat to ‘Patala’ but both of the Demons decided to die while fighting rather than betraying their Master. Knowing fully well that Maha Bhagavati would kill them any way, they wished rather to get killed valiantly on the battle field than show their backs. Maha Bhagavati had fully acknowledged the maturity of their thinking and felled both of them after their waging a brilliant battle.
Maha Devi Destroys Mahishasura
So far Mahishasura was despatching his warriors to fight Maha Devi but when his most trusted Asiloma and Vidalaksa had also got smashed, he got into his chariot and faced the Devi in a handsome human form to impress Her with his smartness. The all- knowing Devi smiled and said that his human form did not make any impact on Her. The Demon harped again on the same topic of union between them. She said that the only union possible could be of a sincere devotee and Almighty as She was a Parashakti and Prakrithi wedded to Maha Purusha.
She was requested by all the Devas and the Trinity to protect them and wipe out the demons including him. Still persistent, the foolish Mahishasura gave the example of Mandodari, the daughter of King Chandrasena of Simhala, who took a vow of celibacy but when her younger sister was arranged a ‘Svayamvara’ ( bride’s choice of wedding) from a group of select suitors, Mandodari was tempted to select a husband although he proved to be a cheat later; Mahisha assured that he would never be like him. Maha Devi got highly infuriated with such narrations and said that he was not only stupid but also a coward and perverse and that he should decide at once either to fight or withdraw to ‘Patala’, lest he would not avail of the chance of fight but would unilaterally decide to destroy him. Meanwhile, two other followers of Mahisha viz. Durdhara and Trinetra had duels separately and got exterminated. Mahishasura changed his forms first like a lion and later on as an elephant and finally in his Sarabha form. The entire Universe and the Pancha Bhutas ( The Five Elements) were dislocated from their axis as the duel was in progress. The Danava tied up his tail to mountains and whirled them against Maha Devi, who was enjoying cups of Grape juice meanwhile. The Demon kept on transforming his body forms in such quick succession that one could hardly realise what was happening and each time there was a change, he was striking from various angles with different kinds of arms like arrows, swords, Trisulas (Tridents), clubs, and maces. Charged then with red eyes looking like torrential balls of fire, Devi Bhagavati finally lost Her cool and commanded Her Chakra ( discus) which broke Mahisha’s body split into two, each part jumping one over another and the Greatest menace on Earth had thus been terminated; there were hysteric shriekings and reverberations of earsplitting sounds of high volume drummings spread across the entire Universe to the utmost relief and ecstasy of all Devas, Gandharvas, Kinnaras, Kimpurushas, Apsaras and world wide congregations of Sages all rejoicing with celebrations.
As normalcy prevailed somewhat, the Devas and Trinity assembled in a Grand Felicitation Function with Maha Devi presiding. The magnificent congregation described the features, miracles and recent happenings. Maha Devi replied that both Danavas and Devas were of the same creation of Hers and that there was nothing like a distinct categorisation of Danavas and Devas, except that the proportion of the Three Gunas-Satvik, Rajas and Tamasic-varied from person to person and even different situations facing each person. The Eight Vices-Kama, Krodha, Lobha, Moha, Mada and Matsarya- existed in the same person as the mind and heart at variance with each other; it would thus be a common enemy to both divinity and humanity in varying degrees; interaction of these common enemies needed to be minimised and that was the Tatva Gyan all about. Added to these features were the ‘Tapatraya’ or the three kinds of problems inherent in human life ( ‘Adibhautika’ or external pains like physical infirmities, pains from animals and co-humans; ‘Adhyatmika’ or internal diseases; and ‘Adhidaivika’or natural occurences like cold, heat, rain, thunders, earthquakes etc.) over which fate determined the circumstances over which there could be little control anyway. But where there would be scope for self- control, which was of utmost importance to balance the ‘Gunas’ properly. She Herself noted the individual accounts of Prarabhdha, Sanchitha, Vartamana and Bhavisya of all the beings - be it Brahma or a piece of grass. Nobody could escape the good and bad dimension or magnitude of each action. Thus life would be assessed in the strict accordance of the Rules already laid. Having said these words, Maha Bhagavati disappeared.
Devi Ambika
Sumbha, Nikumbha and Followers Slayed by Devi Ambika
As in the case of Mahishasura, the Demon brothers from Patala, named Sumbha and Nikumbha did the same indiscretion of ignoring the Supreme Power of Maha Bhagavati as Mahishasura and after strenuous Tapasya for an ‘Ajuta’ or ten thousand years to Lord Brahma, secured boons for invincibility from any living species, except women.
As soon as they received the boons, they requested Sage Bhrigu to be their Guru and Adviser and the elder Sumbha was enthroned with Nikumbha as the next in command. The news spread out in the nether world and multitudes of Danavas were attracted to the King as he became invincible in the three worlds.The Fierceful Chanda and Munda Danava Warriors joined in with their entire armies. So did the fearful Danava Dhumralochana and his army. The notorious Raktabija who had the boons of creating another Raktabija for each drop of blood from his body also joined in. Together, they all created deadly scare in all the three worlds and humbled Indra, Varuna, Agni, Vayu, and other Demi-Gods like Yama, Kubera as also tormented Sages. Thus the strong group of Demons reigned the Heavens besides the rest of the World for a thousand years and Indra and other Devas were displaced and disillusioned. Indra approached Deva Guru Brihaspati as to what should be done in this situation of wilderness. Deva Guru explained that the phase of frustration was a result of ‘Karma’ and the only recourse would be to approach Maha Devi Bhagavati and also enlist the support of Brahma, Maha Vishnu and Maha Deva. He recalled that at the time of Bhagavati destroying Mahishasura, Maha Devi told Indra at that time such crises, Indras and Devas could approach Her for help. Accordingly, they prayed to Devi Bhagavati to provide rescue to them. They all recited the Seed Mantras of Devi like ‘Om Hreem’ incessantly;
Appearance of Ambika Devi
Pleased by their devotion, Maha Bhagavati appeared in the Form of Ambika Devi, known over the Universe as Kausika Devi ; an alternate image created from Parvati Devi also emerged as Kalika Devi( Kalaratri) looking angry with a countenance of black colour and blood red lips too frightful to behold by Danavas. Ambika along with Kalika appeared on the back of a lion and they were seated comfortably looking cool and relaxed as the Historic Drama of the twin Demons and their followeres was to be unveiled!
Even as Kausika Devi and Kalika were sighted on a lion, Demons Chanda and Munda happened to passby and had a fantastic view of Kausika and Her unparalelled beauty and could not take away their eyes staring and admiring Her. They ran to Sumbha to convey the latest news and the former asked Sugriva, an intelligent spy cum messenger to collect information about the Lady and also sensitise Her about the valour, richness and smartness of the King Nisumbha and that he could be a richly deserving partner of life for Her.The Messenger used all his skills and sought Her to tempt with innumerable valuable gifts! He also conveyed to Her the most significant fact that his King was invincible and immortal, thanks to Brahma Deva’s boons. Kausika Devi pretended that She was impressed and said that the matrimonial offer looked highly gorgeous. There was however only a small catch and that could be to overcome Her as the King appeared to be such an illustrious warrior. She said that She took a bet in Her childhood among Her friends that She would marry only such a husband who could defeat Her in a fight! The Messenger coveyed the ‘small catch’ in the alliance to which the King felt was amusing. He consulted his younger brother Nikumbha who advised that Dhumralochana to approach the Devi Kausika but handle Her tenderly, as She said something childishly and was not, after all, aware of our valour! Dhumralochana repeated the same kind of amorous message from his King, when Kalika Devi intervened to say that instead of bragging he might as well display his valour as there was no point in wasting his breath. The Danava became furious, as Kalika the ‘ugly’ woman attacked him with a shower of arrows. As he dared to leap towards Kali abusing Her, Kausika Devi burnt the demon into ashes from Her fiery looks and his entire army ran back helter-skelter to return to their King. Kausika Devi blew Her conchshell so loudly as though She was inviting the next batch of Demons could be despatched for their death.
Nisumbha volunteered to jump in the fray, but King Sumbha restrained him, as there were other Warriors were getting anxious to dispose of ‘that’ Maya Devi. He had thus signalled Chanda and Munda go along with their combined armies of huge volume and prowess, as they were all trained in war tactics including black magic, and tantra of meanest type. Once again the catchphrase of wedlock with Sumbha was used by them. Kausika Devi was readily annoyed as She was surfeit of praises and boasts; She created Devi Chandika from Her frown and Her face became red with anger. Chandika Devi was looking extremely dreadful with tiger skin around , wearing strings of skulls, deep eye holes, fat belly, protruding and uneven teeth and eighteen hands wearing variety of sharp weapons. She was biting elephants and horses with Her fingernails and crooked teeth , besides hundreds of Danavas who were creating such screeches of pain and death. The entire war field looked like a stream of blood and stinking flesh with corpses bundled up in mountain-like heaps. Such was the havoc created in the battle with Chanda and Munda who were dazed and terrified. She caught them by their necks and took them to Devi Ambika as Sacrifices, cut their heads into pieces and drank their blood when Devas clapped and chanted Victory Musicals! As the remnants of Davanas ran for their lives to the King, the latter said that they were timid flies who had vulgar lust for life and deserved to depart to Patala as they had no place for them on Earth.
Meanwhile Raktabija was already ready waiting for the Master’s nod. On arrival at the battle field the three Shakties-Ambika, Kalika and Chandalika-welcomed them tauntingly asking him not to commence the praises of the King’s might, smartness and richness but come to the point of a fight without the initial pleasantries. As Raktabija spilled blood, each drop would produce his prototype, the fact indeed known to the Devis already. Lord Rudra gave the boon to the Demon and as such, the Demon was welcoming more and more of gashes so that as many drops of blood would produce as many demons. At this point, Kausiki Devi created more forms of Shakties such as Brahmani, Vaishnavi, Rudrani, Indrani, Varahi, Narasimhi, Kumari, Narayani, Sivani and so on to devastate the thousands of Danavas. Ambika then asked Kalika to extend Her tongue long and wide and struck an axe on the body of Raktabija so that the blood of the body got completely drenched out. This operation continued for some time and the blood of the very many Raktabijas was drenched out sysmatically by one form of the Demon pitted against another form of a Devi and only the flesh left out was relished by the Devis.With the last effective Demon Raktabija having been eliminated, The Devi’s high voltage death-call sound was heard clearly in the court of Sumbha and Nikumbla inviting them to death.
Nikumbha made his appearance at the battle forthwith as he was aware that his turn to death was certain and door-knocking. He surely knew how difficult it would be to extinguish war experts like Chanda-Munda, Dhumralochana, and Raktabija as each one of them single handedly could keep Indra and Devatas on the run. Now that they had all gone down the drain, death was staring at his face. Indra and Devas were all in their celestial positions to watch the Memorable Sight of Nikumbha’s imminent massacre. As soon as he arrived in his chariot, he went off to business without preliminaries, unlike his predesessor warriors who would not initiate the fight hoping against hope that the Devi might relent to marry the King Sumbha as Nikumbha himself brainwashed them to use the four principles of Sama, Dana, Bheda and Danda before resorting to the last alternative. As Nikumbha sent a torrential rain of arrows on Devi Chandika, She kept on breaking the arrows as a sport while intermittently She was redirecting back to the Demon and meanwhile joking to Kalika Devi that these Danavas were so foolish as not to understand even now the impossibility of success in their mission but continue to hope against hope! Her mighty lion was let loose in the meantime which sprang up like a lightning, killing hundreds of Danavas who were massacred with their blood flowing in streams. Nikumbha was infuriated and hit the lion on its head with a massive club, as it was hurt and withdrawn and with the same club approached Kalika Devi. Chandika noticed the offensive of Nikumbha and with Her Trisula hacked his head into pieces, which no doubt fell down smashed but shot up on its own circling around Devi Chandika as though it was paying his last homage! Simultaneously, his headless body with his club in hands was wandering all over, as a frightful spectacle was on display by onlookers above but the fighting hands were severed into pieces by Maha Chandika and his body assumed a mountain-like shape fell on ground with a startling sound of a ear-piercing thud.
Now Sumbha approached Ambika Devi with false feelings of bravado and expected pride and addressed Her that he would not feel like fighting with a fresh flower like Her, as She was meant for sentimental treatment rather than harsh language and that She was worth performing prayers to rather than picking up cudgels. Fully reading the Demon’s mind hiding fear of death and of sins of the past, Ambika smilingly replied that even at this stage, he could be excused as guilt and timidity were the predominant features in his heart. More over, She said, since he was not reconciled to fighting against Her due to infatuation and obsession, he could as well attack Chandika Devi who was excusively incarnated for the purpose. As She said so, the full play of his ‘Arishvargas’ came up in His exterior mental frame and commenced displaying arrogance, anger and desperation of ‘do or die’ attitude. He picked up his powerful club and tried to jump against Chandika Devi and with Her own club, She broke the demon’s head into two parts, thus ending the disgusting Saga of Sumbha’s end to the horror of the Sub-terrain and the momentous rejoicing of the Three Worlds which heaved a sigh of relief and liberation. Indra and Devas with the Trinity in the background went in overwhelming swoons of excitement and ecstacy for they were forlorn for thousand years of relegation and sincerely conveyed gratitude to Devi.
http://hinduphilosophypuranas.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-essence-of-puranas-devi-bhagavata_15.html
Wednesday, October 2, 2019
We love our Fellow Indians. Gandhi, Love, Tolerance for Difference
"Hindutva is oneness, it is a unifying factor. We believe the ancestors of 99% of Christians and Muslims in India are Hindus; their identity is Indian." Mr. Sunil Ambekar, ABVP. Hence we love them and tolerate them. Read Prof Rajeev Bhargava's article in Hindu on 2 October 2019.
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/mahatma-gandhi-150th-birth-anniversary-recovering-gandhis-religious-vision/article29568533.ece/amp/
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/mahatma-gandhi-150th-birth-anniversary-recovering-gandhis-religious-vision/article29568533.ece/amp/
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Radhasoami Faith - Satsang
http://radhasoamifaith.org/
Finding the Jivas in acute distress and delusion, and totally incapable of releasing themselves from the bondages of birth and death, the Supreme Being Radhasoami Dayal was moved with immense compassion. He incarnated Himself in this world in 1818 as Sant Sat Guru, in the form of Param Purush Puran Dhani Soamiji Maharaj and revealed an easy and simple path for the salvation of Jivas.
MSME Sector India - Vision 2020 - 2025 - 2030- 2035
Celebrate August 21 - World Entrepreneurs’ Day
https://smallb.sidbi.in/ - https://sidbi.in/ - Certified Credit Counsellor Handbook - FAQs for CCCs
http://www.smechamberofindia.com/ - http://www.indiansmechamber.com/
CII - MSME Sector -
22 September 2019 What happened so far? A review needs to be made
2017
#PositiveIndia - Employment Potential of Mudra Finance - Employment to 2 Crore Persons per Annum
•Published on 15 Dec 2017________________
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10 (100 million) Crore Units - 20 Crore (200 million) Employees - Vision for Micro Units Facilitated by MUDRA Finance Scheme
The last NSSO survey puts the number of micro units at 6 crore (60 mil) and number of employees at 11 crore (110 mil). There is an opportunity to promote one crore (10 million) new firms and provide employment to another one crore (10 million) persons employment through MUDRA finance giving one lakh crore rupees to new firms and giving another one lakh crores to firms with plan to give employment to one more person. This requires two lakh crores as priority Mudra finance and another 1.5 lakh crores can be given to other micro units. Thus the government and Mudra agency can target Rs. 3.5 lakh crore credit under Mudra for the year 2018-19. The target for this year 2017-18 is Rs. 2.44 lakh crores. So providing additonal Rs. 1.06 lakhs crore is within the feasibility tests.
In four years, with the above plan for credit, the employment in micro units can be raised to Rs. 20 crores. The number of units will go up to 10 crore.
Of course many changes are to be brought into micro units promotion and financing based on inputs from users, facilitators, regulating agencies and banks. Research studies from various agencies - academic institutions, NGOs, banks, industry and business associations, and government agencies are needed to identify potential powerful ideas which need to be implemented.
Research on Mudra Finance - Employment Potential 2017
The author of this blog, Prof. K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao is presently involved in a research project on Mudra Finance. The project is based on a survey of MPs, Bankers and District Industries Centers.Grant Thornton - FICCI MSME Sector Vision 2020
MSME contributes 8% to India's GDP. Next to Agriculture this is the biggest single biggest grouping.
http://www.ficci.com/spdocument/20143/Grant-Thornton-FICCI%20MSME.pdf
Please give your suggestions and opinions to improve the scheme through comments for improving it.
The Rs 9-lakh crore MSME industry is likely to double in the coming years, and to reach that kind of size and scale, automation will play a big role.
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/make-in-india-india-made-robot-tata-brabo-to-be-launched-in-next-2-months/articleshow/51006144.cms
2016
This table probably presents the right picture of MSME in India.CONTRIBUTION OF MSME SECTOR IN GDP AND OUTPUT
(at 2004-05 prices)
Year Gross Value of Share of MSME sector in total GDP (%) Share of MSME
Output of MSME Manufacturing Services Total Manufacturing
Manufacturing Sector MSME Sector MSME output in total
Sector Manufacturing
(` in crore) Output (%)
2006-07 1198818 7.73 27.40 35.13 42.02
2007-08 1322777 7.81 27.60 35.41 41.98
2008-09 1375589 7.52 28.60 36.12 40.79
2009-10 1488352 7.45 28.60 36.05 39.63
2010-11 1653622 7.39 29.30 36.69 38.50
2011-12 1788584 7.27 30.70 37.97 37.47
2012-13 1809976 7.04 30.50 37.54 37.33
Source for the table Table 2.3 Annual Report 2015 - 16 of Ministry of MSME, Government of India
http://msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MEME%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%202015-16%20ENG.pdf
http://www.eaindustry.nic.in/industrial_handbook_200809.pdf
MSME census 2007 - http://fisme.org.in/document/FinalReport010711.pdf
2015
The share of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprise (MSME) contribution to GDP will significantly increase from the current 8 percent to 15 percent by 2020, according to a study report by KPMG-CII.
https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/03/The-new-wave-Indian-MSME.pdf
The MSME sector contributed 8% to India's GDP for 2011-12. India has the potential to increase the share of contribution to GDP from its MSME sector from current 8 percent to about 15 percent by the year 2020," it said.
According to study, employment to the extent of 50 percent of the overall employment representing 300 million jobs across agricultural, manufacturing and services sectors will be provided by MSME.
The GDP growth rate is likely to achieve 8.5 percent level and India is expected to be an approximately USD 5 trillion economy by the year 2025.
http://www.smetimes.in/smetimes/news/top-stories/2014/Oct/28/share-of-msme-in-gdp-may-reach-15-pc-by-2020-study631653.html
Budget
Government of India has announced founding a apex bank to fund MSME sector through indigenous money lenders and small banks. It also announced Credit Guarantee fund for MSME units. Thus it has taken steps to increase bank credit/finance support to MSME sector in India.
Updated 22 September 2019, 20 August 2017 , 12 April 2017, 30 July 2016, 17 June 2015
Wednesday, September 4, 2019
Thoughts Of Mahatma Gandhi
I am a firm believer in the principle of free and compulsory primary education for India. I also hold that we shall realize this only by teaching the children a useful vocation and utilizing it as a means for cultivating their mental, physical and spiritual faculties. - Mahatma Gandhi
Craft, Art, Health and education should all be integrated into one scheme. Nai Talim is a beautiful blend of all the four and covers the whole education of the individual from the time of conception to the moment of death....Instead of regarding craft & industry as different from education, I will regard the former as the medium for the latter.
It is popularly and correctly described as education through handicrafts.
I hold that, as the largest part of our time is devoted to labour for earning our bread, our children must from their infancy be taught the dignity of such labour. Our children should not be so taught as to despise labour. There is no reason why a peasants son after having gone to school should become useless as he does become, as an agricultural labourer.
Man is neither mere intellect, nor the gross animal body, nor the heart or soul alone. A proper and harmonious combination of all the three is required for the making of the whole man and constitutes the true economics of education....
I am a firm believer in the principle of free and compulsory primary education for India. I also hold that we shall realize this only by teaching the children a useful vocation and utilizing it as a means for cultivating their mental, physical and spiritual faculties.
What kind of vocations are the fittest for being taught to children in urban schools? There is no hard and fast rule about it.
In my scheme of things the hand will handle tools before it draws or traces the writing.
True development of the mind commences immediately the apprentice is taught at every step why a particular manipulation of the hand or a tool is required. The problem of the unemployment of students can be solved without difficulty, if they will rank themselves among the common labourers.
You have to train the boys in one occupation or another. Around this special occupation you will train up his mind, his body, his handwriting, his artistic sense, and so on. He will be a master of the craft he learns.
Literary training by itself adds not an inch to one's moral height and that character building is independent of literary training.
https://www.gandhiashramsevagram.org/on-education/buniyadi-shiksha-fundamental-education.php
Deal with your enemy in such a way that you can become friends.
"You must deal with your enemy so that one day he may be your friend...." Included in a passage by Shri Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. Published in The Speaking Tree, Mumbai dated May 14, 2017, page 4.
"It is health that is real wealth and not
pieces of gold and silver."
- Mahatma Gandhi
(via @quotme)
- Mahatma Gandhi
(via @quotme)
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A 5 hours. 10 minutes. Documentary covers almost all events and principles of Gandhi's life and thought are viewed as integrated parts of his truth-intoxicated life depicting permanent and universal values.
A 5 hours. 10 minutes. Documentary covers almost all events and principles of Gandhi's life and thought are viewed as integrated parts of his truth-intoxicated life depicting permanent and universal values.
Quotations used in advertisements 2012
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"The shape of the world would indeed be transformed if all of us lived in a spirit of love and amity with one another."
"India can't prosper if rural India lags behind, and I think rural electrification is the first step towards this."
"I would make the spinning wheel the foundation on which to build a sound village life and I would make the wheel the centre around which all other activities will revolve."
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If you love peace
"If you love peace, then hate injustice, hate tyranny, hate greed, but hate these things in yourself, not in another."
The highest form of freedom carries with it the greatest measure of discipline and humility. Freedom that comes from discipline and humility cannot be denied, unbridled license is a sign of vulgarity alike to self and one's neighbors.
Today Brahmanas, and Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras are mere labels. There is utter confusion of Varna as I understand it and I wish that all the Hindus will voluntarily call themselves Shudras. That is the only way to demonstrate the truth of Brahmanism and to revive Varnadharma in its true state.
The real property that a parent can transmit to all equally is his or her character and educational facilities.... Parents should seek to make their sons and daughters self-reliant, well able to earn an honest livelihood by the sweat of the brow.
Gandhi's Thoughts
T-Series Video
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More Thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi
Soldier in arms is trained to kill. Even his dreams are about killing
Mahatma Gandhi in Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule
First Edition 1938, Twentieth Reprint, November 2008 (10,000 copies), Navjivan Publishing House, Ahmedabad.
"The seed in never seen. It works underneath the ground, is itself destroyed,and the tree which rises above the ground is alone seen."
A series of knols on Mahatma Gandhi's thoughts on various issues are being developed by me.
There are news items all around that copy right of various parties on books and articles written by Mahatma Gandhi have expired and people can print books written by Gandhi without paying royalty to anybody. Hope this will help in spreading Gandhiji's message to more people if some interested parties can come forward and print books at lower costs. But certainly they can be published on the net and made accesible to large number of people.
All knols on Gandhiji's thoughts will be open collaboration knols so that visitors can add relevant thoughts and also write their comments on Gandhian philosophy.
Mahatma Gandhi on Industrialisation
Mahatma Gandhi on Indian Tradition
Mahatma Gandhi on Wages to Workmen
Mahatma Gandhi on Embracing Poverty Voluntarily
Mahatma Gandhi on Alcohol
Mahatma Gandhi on Wisdom
Mahatma Gandhi on Teachers
Mahatma Gandhi on Villages
Mahatma Gandhi on Business and Ethics
Mahatma Gandhi on Brahmacharya
Mahatma Gandhi on Avatars (Incarnations) of God
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Mahatma Gandhi - Videos
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GgK_Nq9NLw
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More videos
Mahatma Gandhi - Videos
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There are news items all around that copy right of various parties on books and articles written by Mahatma Gandhi have expired and people can print books written by Gandhi without paying royalty to anybody. Hope this will help in spreading Gandhiji's message to more people if some interested parties can come forward and print books at lower costs. But certainly they can be published on the net and made accesible to large number of people.
All knols on Gandhiji's thoughts will be open collaboration knols so that visitors can add relevant thoughts and also write their comments on Gandhian philosophy.
Directory - List of Knols - Thoughts Of Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi on Indian Tradition
Mahatma Gandhi on Wages to Workmen
Mahatma Gandhi on Embracing Poverty Voluntarily
Mahatma Gandhi on Alcohol
Mahatma Gandhi on Wisdom
Mahatma Gandhi on Teachers
Mahatma Gandhi on Villages
Mahatma Gandhi on Business and Ethics
Mahatma Gandhi on Brahmacharya
Mahatma Gandhi on Avatars (Incarnations) of God
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About Gandhian thinking by Krishan Saigal
For Gandhi, human existence was chacterized by two fundamental features. First each individual was uniquely constituted and had a right to live by the truth as he saw it. Second, all men were one; what united them was far more important than what divided them and there were no differences that could not be resolved or lived with in the spirit of charity and goodwill. Since both unity and difference, harmony and disagreement, were the necessary features of human existence, Gandhi argued that every human association must fully acknowledge and find ways of reconciling them.
_________________________________________________________________________Web Pages Related to Gandhian Thought
http://www.mkgandhi-sarvodaya.org/_____________________________________________________________________________
Mahatma Gandhi - Videos
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GgK_Nq9NLw
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More videos
Mahatma Gandhi - Videos
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Gandhi's Dream for Villages of India
A cow in every house
provided with plentiful green grass
carpenters, tailors
potters and shoppers
business every where
with plenty to share
A doctor to look after
Good leader to administer
A teacher for children to grow
A bank for wealth to flow
Gandhi's dream
For me, it is supreme
by Narayana Rao, Vamsi, Priyanka
provided with plentiful green grass
carpenters, tailors
potters and shoppers
business every where
with plenty to share
A doctor to look after
Good leader to administer
A teacher for children to grow
A bank for wealth to flow
Gandhi's dream
For me, it is supreme
by Narayana Rao, Vamsi, Priyanka
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Coauthors contributed on Knol - D.S.S. Ramam and P.V. Ariel
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More Quotations from Gandhi
• I have nothing to teach the world. Truth and non-violence are as old the hills
• Non-cooperation with evil is a sacred duty
• I do not seek kingdom, I do not seek heaven, I do not seek moksha. I pray that the suffering humanity be relieved from pain
• If untouchability lives, Hinduism perishes, and even India perishes
• Knowledge without character is a power for evil only as seen in the instances of so many talented thieves • English is so beautiful that no other language can stand comparable to it
• The king was wearing enough for both of us – M.K.Gandhi when asked why he did not wear a suit to meet the king
• Our temple is in our hearts. A temple constructed of a few stones has no meaning
• A man is but a product of his thoughts; what he thinks that he becomes • The outward behavior of a man is at once the sign and proof of the inner state
• Action expresses priorities
• Truth and non-violence are my God
• The only real dignified human doctrine is the greatest good of all, and this can only be achieved by utmost self-sacrifice
• Every village has to become a self-sufficient republic
• India can win over conquerors culturally, traditionally, spiritually but never politically
• My writing should be cremated with my body. What I have done will endure, not what I have said and written
• He who wants to please all will please none
• Humility is the key to guide success
• No matter how weak a person is in body, if it is a shame to flee, he will stand his ground and die at his post. This would be non-violence and bravery
Contributed By D.S.S. Ramam
Updated 6 September 2019, 2 October 2017, 14 May 2017, 2 October 2014, 29 August 2014, 2 October 2012
Friday, August 16, 2019
Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Scheme - India
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
16-December-2014 13:36 IST
Implementation of ATMA
Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Scheme is under implementation in 640 districts of 29 States & 3 UTs of the country.
Main objectives of the Scheme are to promote decentralized farmer-driven and farmer-accountable extension system through an institutional arrangement for technology dissemination in the form of an Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), encourage multi-agency and broad-based extension strategies, adopt group approach to extension and facilitate convergence of programmes in planning, execution & implementation at district level.
Under the scheme grants-in-aid is released to the States/UTs with an objective to support State Governments efforts in revitalizing the extension system and making available the latest agricultural technologies in different thematic areas to increase production in agriculture & allied sectors through a Cafeteria of Activities which include Farmers Training, Demonstrations, Exposure Visits, Kisan Mela, Mobilization of Farmers Groups, Setting up of Farm School, Innovative Technology Dissemination, Research-Extension Linkages etc.
ATMA under 10th Plan
The scheme is suppported by the Central Government. The funding pattern is 90% by the central Government and 10% by the state government. The 10% state’s share shall consist of cash contribution of the State, beneficiary contribution or the contribution of other non-governmental organizations
Allocation of funds :
The entire X Plan outlay (Rs.226.07 crores) for the scheme shall be utilized for activities to be implemented by States/ districts. The decision on use of funds will be taken at 3 levels namely – Centre, State and District.
An amount of Rs. 167.56 crores amounting to 77.53% has been allocated for district level programmes.
An amount of Rs. 22.15 crores amounting to 10.25% has been allocated for State level programmes.
An amount of Rs. 26.41 crores amounting to 12.22% shall be available under the control of the Government of India. This amount shall be utilized for innovative activities to be approved by the Government of India. However, implementation of these activities will be done by States/districts.
More details of the scheme at the time of 10th plan
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/atma/atma_intro.html
Information about ATMA - National Level Activities
http://agricoop.gov.in/ministry-major-schemes/atma
https://extensionreforms.dacnet.nic.in/DashBoard_Statusatma.aspx
Andhra Pradesh
ATMA Activities in West Godavari District
https://westgodavari.nic.in/atma/
Assam
https://sameti.assam.gov.in/about-us/detail/agricultural-technology-management-agency-atma
Nagaland
Mokochung District
Updated on 17 August 2019
16-December-2014 13:36 IST
Implementation of ATMA
Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Scheme is under implementation in 640 districts of 29 States & 3 UTs of the country.
Main objectives of the Scheme are to promote decentralized farmer-driven and farmer-accountable extension system through an institutional arrangement for technology dissemination in the form of an Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), encourage multi-agency and broad-based extension strategies, adopt group approach to extension and facilitate convergence of programmes in planning, execution & implementation at district level.
Under the scheme grants-in-aid is released to the States/UTs with an objective to support State Governments efforts in revitalizing the extension system and making available the latest agricultural technologies in different thematic areas to increase production in agriculture & allied sectors through a Cafeteria of Activities which include Farmers Training, Demonstrations, Exposure Visits, Kisan Mela, Mobilization of Farmers Groups, Setting up of Farm School, Innovative Technology Dissemination, Research-Extension Linkages etc.
ATMA under 10th Plan
The scheme is suppported by the Central Government. The funding pattern is 90% by the central Government and 10% by the state government. The 10% state’s share shall consist of cash contribution of the State, beneficiary contribution or the contribution of other non-governmental organizations
Allocation of funds :
The entire X Plan outlay (Rs.226.07 crores) for the scheme shall be utilized for activities to be implemented by States/ districts. The decision on use of funds will be taken at 3 levels namely – Centre, State and District.
An amount of Rs. 167.56 crores amounting to 77.53% has been allocated for district level programmes.
An amount of Rs. 22.15 crores amounting to 10.25% has been allocated for State level programmes.
An amount of Rs. 26.41 crores amounting to 12.22% shall be available under the control of the Government of India. This amount shall be utilized for innovative activities to be approved by the Government of India. However, implementation of these activities will be done by States/districts.
More details of the scheme at the time of 10th plan
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/atma/atma_intro.html
Information about ATMA - National Level Activities
http://agricoop.gov.in/ministry-major-schemes/atma
https://extensionreforms.dacnet.nic.in/DashBoard_Statusatma.aspx
Activities in States Under Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Scheme
Andhra Pradesh
ATMA Activities in West Godavari District
https://westgodavari.nic.in/atma/
Assam
https://sameti.assam.gov.in/about-us/detail/agricultural-technology-management-agency-atma
Nagaland
Mokochung District
Updated on 17 August 2019
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